ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thickness of Crust in the West of Iran Obtained from Modeling of Ps Converted Waves
Receiver functions are usually used to detect Ps converted waves and are especially useful to picture seismic discontinuities in the crust and upper mantle. In this study, the P receiver function technique beneath the west Iran is used to map out the lateral variation of the Moho boundary. The teleseismic data (Mb ≥5.5, epicentral distance between 30˚-95˚) recorded from 2004 to 2016 at 17 permanent broadband and short-period stations of the Iranian Seismological Center (ISC, http://irsc.ut.ac.ir) of Kermanshah, Khoramabad, Hamedan and Boroujerd and one broadband station of the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES, http://www.iiees.ac.ir) were used. The results indicate clear Ps conversions at the Moho boundary. The Moho depths are estimated from the delay time of the Moho converted phase relative to the direct P wave beneath each network. The average Moho depth lies at ~42±2 km. Furthermore, the clear image of the Moho at depths as modeling of PRF, ranging from 37 km beneath KCHF station to maximum 55 km beneath HAGD station was presented. According to the distribution and number of stations used, this study is more comprehensive than previous studies.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_67751_fc7ba4be2286fa9c20b022fc674ff409.pdf
2020-01-21
1
13
10.22059/jesphys.2018.249340.1006962
P receiver function
Crustal Structure
Converted Waves
Northwest of Zagros
Iran
Mohadeseh Sadat
Khatami
hamed70070@yahoo.com
1
M.Sc. Student, Department of Physics, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
AUTHOR
Fataneh
Taghizadeh-Farahmand
fataneh_farahmand@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Narges
Afsari
ng_afsari@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Nowshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nowshahr, Iran
AUTHOR
Afsari, N., Sodoudi, F., Taghizadeh-Farahmand, F. and Ghassemi, M.R., 2011, Crustal structure of Northwest Zagros (Kermanshah) and Central Iran (Yazd and Isfahan) using teleseismic Ps converted phases. Journal of Seismology, 15, 341–353.
1
Asudeh, I., 1982, Seismic structure of Iran from surface and body wave data. Geophys. J. R. Astr., 71, 715-730.
2
Berberian, M., 1995, Master “blind” thrust faults hidden under the Zagros folds; active basement tectonics and surface morphotectonics. Tectonophysics, 241, 193–224.
3
Dehgani, G. A. and Makris, J., 1984, The Gravity field and crustal structure of Iran. N. Jb. GeoL. Palaont Abh., 168, 215-229.
4
Dewey, J. W. and Grantz, A., 1973, The Ghir earthquake of April 10, 1972 in the Zagros mountains of southern Iran; seismotectonic aspects and some results of a field reconnaissance. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 63, 2071–2090.
5
Falcon, N. L., 1974, Southern Iran: Zagros Mountains. Spec. Pub. Geol. Soc. Lond., 4, 199–211.
6
Hatzfeld, D., Tatar, M., Priestley, K. and Ghafory-Ashtyany, M., 2003, Seismological constraints on the crustal structure beneath the Zagros mountain belt (Iran). Geophysical Journal International, 155, 403–410.
7
Hessami, KH., Jamali, F. and Tabassi, H., 2003, Major Active Faults of Iran, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Department of Seismotectonic, Seismology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
8
James, G. A. and Wynd, J. G., 1965, Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement area. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 49, 2182-2245.
9
Jimenez-Munt, I., Fernandez, M., Saura, E., Verges, J. and Garcia-Castellanos, D., 2012, 3-D lithospheric structure and regional/residual Bouguer anomalies in the Arabia–Eurasia collision (Iran). Geophys. J. Int., 190, 1311–1324.
10
Karimizadeh, S., Afsari, N. and Taghizadeh-Fararhmand, F., 2017, Seismic image of the crustal structure in Kermanshah and Khorramabad region, northwest of Zagros, using teleseismic waves. Journal of Research on Applied Geophysics, 3(2), 217-227.
11
Kennett, B.L.N., Engdahl, E.R. and Buland, R., 1995, Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes. Geophys. J. Int., 122(1), 108-124.
12
Kumar, P., Yuan, X., Kumar, M.R., Kind, R., Li, X. and Chadha, R.K., 2007, The rapid drift of the Indian tectonic plate, Nature, 449, 894–897, doi:10.1038/nature06214.
13
McClusky, S., Reilinger, R., Mahmoud, S., Ben Sari, D. and Tealeb, A., 2003, GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motion. Geophys. J. Int., 155, 126–138.
14
Motaghi, K., Shabanian, E. and Kalvandi, F., 2017, Underplating along the northern portion of the Zagros suture zone, Iran. Geophysical Journal International, 210, 375–389. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggx168.
15
Paul, A., Kaviani, A., Hatzfeld, D., Vegne, J. and Mokhtari, M., 2006, Seismological evidence for crustal- scale thrusting in the Zagros mountain belt (Iran). Geophys J. Int., 166, 227–237, doi: 10. 1111 /j. 1365-24x.2006.02920.x.
16
Paul, A., Hatzfeld, D., Kaviani, A., Tatar, M. and Pequegnat, C., 2010, Seismic imaging of the lithospheric structure of the Zagros mountain belt (Iran). Geol. Soc. London Special Publications, 330, 5-18.
17
Ricou, L., Braud, J. and Brunn, J.H., 1977, Le Zagros, Mem. Soc. Geol. Fr., 8, 33–52.
18
Shad Manaman, N. and Shomali, H., 2010, Upper mantle S-velocity structure and Moho depth variations across Zagros belt, Arabian-Eurasian plate boundary, Phys. Earth Planet Inter., 180, 92–103.
19
Shad Manaman, N., Shomali, H. and Koyi, H., 2011, New constraints on upper-mantle S-velocity structure and crustalthickness of the Iranian plateau using partitioned waveform inversion. Geophys. J. Int., 184, 247–267.
20
Snyder, D.B. and Barazangi, M., 1986, Deep crustal structure and flexture of the Arabian plate beneath the Zagros collisional mountain belt as inferred from gravity observation. Tectonics, 5, 361–373.
21
Stammler, K., 1993, Seismic handler programmable multichannel data handler for interactive and automatic processing of seismological analyses, Comput. Geosci. 19, 135–140.
22
Stöcklin, J., 1968, Structural History and Tectonic of Iran: A Review. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, USA, 52, 1229-1258.
23
Stöcklin, J., 1974, Possible ancient continental margins in Iran. In C.A. Burk and C.L. Drake (Eds.), The Geology of Continental Margins. Springer-Verlag, New York, 873-887.
24
Taghizadeh-Farahmand, F., Afsari, N. and Sodoudi, F., 2015, Crustal Thickness of Iran Inferred from Converted Waves. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 171, 2, 309-331.
25
Vernant, Ph., Nilforoushan, F., Hatzfeld, D., Abbassi, M.R., Vigny, C., Masson, F., Nankali, H., Martinod, J., Ashtiani, A., Bayer, R., Tavakoli, F. and Chery, J., 2004, Present-day crustal deformation and plate kinematics in the Middle East constrained by GPS measurements in Iran and northern Oman. Geophys. J. Int., 157, 381-398.
26
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27
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28
Zhu, L. and Kanamori, H., 2000, Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic from receiver functions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(82), 2969-2980.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Center of Mass Estimation of Simple Shaped Magnetic Bodies Using Eigenvectors of Computed Magnetic Gradient Tensor
Computed Magnetic Gradient Tensor (CMGT) includes the first derivatives of three components of magnetic field of a body. At the eigenvector analysis of Gravity Gradient Tensors (GGT) for a line of poles and point pole, the eigenvectors of the largest eigenvalues (first eigenvectors) point precisely toward the Center of Mass (COM) of a body. However, due to the nature of the magnetic field, it is shown that these eigenvectors for the similar shaped magnetic bodies (line of dipoles and point-dipole), in CMGT, are not convergent to COM anymore. Rather, in the best condition, when there is no remanent magnetization and the body is in the magnetic poles, their directions are a function of data point locations. In this study, by reduction to the pole (RTP) transformation and calculation of CMGT, a point is estimated that its horizontal components are exactly the horizontal components of the COM and its vertical component is a fraction of the COM vertical component. These obtained depth values are 0.56 and 0.74 of COM vertical components for a line of dipoles and point-dipole, respectively. To reduce the turbulent effects of noise, “Moving Twenty five Point Averaging” method and upward continuation filter are used. The method is tested on solitary and binary simulated data for bodies with varying physical characteristics, inclinations and declinations. Finally, it is imposed on two real underground examples; an urban gas pipe and a roughly spherical orebody and the results confirm the methodology of this syudy.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_69156_00d927a64c49810d829d321d096171cb.pdf
2020-01-21
15
25
10.22059/jesphys.2019.256185.1006999
Computed Magnetic Gradient Tensor
Center of Mass
First Eigenvectors
kurosh
Karimi
kuroshkarimi88@gmail.com
1
M.Sc. Graduated, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farzad
Shirzaditabar
f.shirzadi@razi.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Arash
Amirian
arash.amirian@students.mq.edu.au
3
Ph.D. Student, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW
AUTHOR
Ali
Mansoobi
ali.mansoobi570@gmail.com
4
M.Sc. Graduated, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Bell, R. E. and Hansen, R. O., 1998, The rise and fall of early oil field technology: The torsion balance gradiometer: The Leading Edge, 17, 81-83.
1
Beiki, M. and Pedersen, L. B., 2010, Eigenvector analysis of the gravity gradient tensor to locate geologic bodies. Geophysics, 75(6), I37–I49.
2
Beiki, M., Pedersen, L. B. and Nazi, H., 2011, Interpretation of aeromagnetic data using eigenvector analysis of pseudogravity gradient tensor. Geophysics, 76(3), L1–L10.
3
Blakely, R. J. and Simpson, R. W., 1986, Approximating edges of source bodies frommagnetic or gravity Anomalies. Geophysics, 51, 1494–1498.
4
Blakely, R. J., 1996, Potential Theory in Gravity and Magnetic Applications. Cambridge University press.
5
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6
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7
Doll, W. E., Gamey, T. J., Beard, L. P. and Bell, D. T., 2006, Airborne vertical Magnetic gradient for near-surface applications. The Leading Edge, 25, 50–53.
8
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9
Frahm, C. P., 1972, Inversion of the magnetic field gradient equation for a magnetic dipole field Naval Coastal Systems. Laboratory Informal Report NCSL, 135–172.
10
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11
Karimi Bavandpur, A. and Hajihosseini, A., 1999, 1:100000 geology map of Kermanshah. Geological Survey of Iran publications.
12
Karimi, K. and Shirzaditabar, F., 2017, Using the ratio of magnetic field to analytic signal of magnetic gradient tensor in determining the position of simple shaped magnetic anomalies. J. Geophysics & Engineering, 14, 769-779.
13
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14
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15
Oruc, B., 2010, Location and depth estimation of point-dipole and line of dipoles using analytic signals of the magnetic gradient tensor and magnitude of vector components. J. Appl. Geophys, 70, 27–37.
16
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19
Schmidt, P. W. and Clark, D. A., 2000, Advantages of measuring the magnetic gradient tensor. Preview, 85, 26–30.
20
Schmidt, D. V. and Bracken, R. E., 2004, Field experiments with the tensor magnetic gradiometer system at Yuma Proving Ground. Arizona Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP), February, 2004.
21
Shaw, R. K., Agarwal, B. N. P. and Nandi, B. K., 2007, Use of Walsh transforms in estimation of depths of idealized sources from total-field magnetic anomalies. Computers and Geosciences, 33, 966–975.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Geothermal Potential of Parts of Middle Benue Trough, North-East Nigeria
This research deals with assessment of geothermal potential in parts of middle Benue Trough, north-east of Nigeria. The study area lies within the Longitude 9°E – 10°E and Latitude 8°N – 9.50°N with an estimated total area of 18,150 km2. Regional/Residual separation was performed on the total magnetic intensity using polynomial fitting. The residual map was divided into 14 overlapping spectral blocks, and the log of spectral energies were plotted against frequency. Centroid depth and depth to top boundary obtained were used to estimate the Curie point depth isotherm, which was then used to compute geothermal heat flow of the study area. The result shows that the geothermal heat flow varies between 50.02 and 85.1 mWm-2 with highest value in the southern part (Akiri and Ibi) and north-western part (Pankshin) of the area. The geothermal heat flow obtained from this study indicates that the study area possess a good source of geothermal potential. The aero-radiometric data covering the study area was also analysed to estimate the radiometric heat contribution. The analysis of aero-radiometric data shows that the area possesses high content of Uranium, Potassium and Thorium. The radioactive heat production values vary between 1.58 μW/m3 and 2.53 μW/m3 with an average of 2.21 μW/m3. Thus, harnessing the geothermal potential in this area would be of added values and advantage to power generation in Nigeria.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_70985_e5b85f3f3d0f12f82f276752636c5f3a.pdf
2020-01-21
27
42
10.22059/jesphys.2019.260257.1007017
Centroid depth
Curie point depth isotherm
Geothermal
Heat flow and Spectral
Kazeem Adeyinka
Salako
kasalako2012@gmail.com
1
Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Science, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Adebayo Abbass
Adetona
tonabass@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Science, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Abdulwaheed Adewuyi
Rafiu
iyiolarafiu@futminna.edu.ng
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Science, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Usman D.
Alahassan
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Science, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Abdulateef
Aliyu
abdullateefaliyu57@gmail.com
5
Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Science, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Taiwo
Adewumi
tydon4real@yahoo.co.uk
6
M.Sc. Graduated, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Lafia, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abraham, E. M, Lawal, K. M., Ekwe, A. C., Alile, O., Murana, K. A. and Lawal, A.A., 2014, Spectral analysis of aeromagnetic data for geothermal energy investigation of Ikogosi Warm Spring-Ekiti State, southwestern Nigeria. Geothermal Energy. 2(1), 1, doi:10.1186/s40517-014-0018-9.
1
Ajayi, C. O. and D. E. Ajakaiye, 1986, Structures deduced from gravity data in the middle Benue, Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 5, 359-369.
2
Akande, S. O., Egenhoff, S. O., Obaje, N. G. and Erdtmann, B. D., 2011, Stratigraphic evolution and petroleum potential of middle cretaceous sediments in the lower and middle BenueTrough, Nigeria: Insights from New Source Rock Facies Evaluation. Petroleum Technology Development Journal (ISSN 1595-9104).
3
Babalola, O. O., 2004, High-Potential geothermal energy resources areas of Nigeria and their geological and geophysical assessment. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 1, 68, 4, AAPG.
4
Bako A. S. J., 2010, Geothermal energy potential in the part of middle benue trough located in Nasarawa state. A thesis submitted to the postgraduate school, Ahmadu Bello university, Zaria, Nigeria.
5
Benkhelil, J., 1982, Benue Trough and Benue Chain. Geological Magazine, 119, 155-168.
6
Benkhelil, J., 1989, The origin and evolution of the cretaceous Benue Trough (Nigeria). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 8, 251-282.
7
Bhattacharyya, B. K., 1966, Continuous spectrum of the total magnetic field anomaly due to a rectangular prismatic body. Geophysics, 31, 97-121.
8
Bhattacharyya, B. K. and Leu, L. K., 1975, Analysis of magnetic anomalies over Yellowstone National Park: mapping of Curie point isothermal surface for geothermal reconnaissance. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80, 4461–4465.
9
Burke, K. C., Dessauvagie, T. F. J. and Whiteman, A. J., 1970, Geologic history of the Benue Valley and adjacent areas. In: Dessauvagie T.F.J. and Whiteman, A.J. (eds): African Geology, University of Ibaban Press, Nigeria, 187-206.
10
Connard, G., Couch, R. and Gemperle, M., 1983, Analysis of Aeromagnetic measurements from the Cascade Range in Central Oregon. Geophysics, 48, 376- 390.
11
Cratchley, C. R. and G. P. Jones, 1965, An interpretation of the geology and gravity anomalies of the Benue Valley, Nigeria. Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1, 1-26.
12
Dickson, M. and Fanelli, M., 2004, What is geothermal energy. Instituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse,CNR , Pisa, Italy.
13
Dolmaz, M. N., Ustaomer, T., Hisarli, Z. M. and Orbay, N., 2005, Curie point depth variations to infer thermal structure of the crust at the African-Eurasian convergence zone, SW Turkey. Earth Planets Space, 57, 373–383.
14
Eletta, B. E. and Udensi, E. E., 2012, Investigation of Curie point isotherm from the magnetic field of Easter sector of central Nigeria. Global Journal of Geosciences, 2(4), 101–106.
15
Holmberg, H., Naess, E. and Evensen, J. E., 2012, Thermal Modeling in the Oslo rift. In: Norway. Proceedings, 37th workshop on geothermal reservoir engineering, Stanford University.
16
Ikechukwu, I. O., Derick, C. A. and Olusola, O. B., 2015, Exploration and application of geothermal energy in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 6(2), 726, ISSN 2229-5518.
17
Jaupart, C. and Mareschal, J. C., 2003, Constraints on crustal heat production from heat flow data. In: Treatise of geochemistry: the crust. Rudnick, Elsevier, (3), 65–84.
18
Kasidi, S. and Nur, A. 2012, Curie depth isotherm deduced from spectral analysis of Magnetic data over sarti and environs of North-Eastern Nigeria. Scholarly Journal of Biotechnology, 1(3), 49 -56.
19
Kasidi, S. and Nur, A., 2013, Estimation of Curie Point depth, heat flow and geothermal gradient infered from aeromagnetic data over Jalingo and Environs. International Journal of Science and Emerging Technology, 6(6), 294-301.
20
Kuforijimi, O. and Christopher, A., 2017, Assessment of Aero-radiometric Data of Southern Anambra Basin for the Prospect of Radiogenic Heat Production. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management. 21(4), 743-748.
21
Megwara, J. U., Udensi, E. E., Olasehinde, P. I. Daniyan, M. A. and Lawal, K. M., 2013, Geothermal and radioactive heat studies of parts of southern Bida basin, Nigeria and the surrounding basement rocks. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2(1), 125-139.
22
Mishra, D. C. and Naidu, P. S., 1974, Two Dimensional Power Spectrum and Analysis of Aeromagnetic Fields. Geophysical Prospecting, 22(2), 345-353.
23
Muffler, P. and Cataldi, R., 1978, Methods for regional assessment of geothermal resources. Geothermics, 7, 53-89.
24
Nagata, T., 1961, Rock Magnetism, 350 pp., Maruzen, Tokyo,
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Nwankwo, L. I., Olasehinde, P. I. and Akaosile, C. O., 2011, Heat flow anomalies from the spectral analysis of airborne magnetic data of Nupe Basin, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1(3), 5-6.
26
Nwogbo, P. O., 1997, Mapping the shallow magnetic sources in the Upper Benue Basin in Nigeria from aeromagnetic. Spectra, 4(3/4), 325-333.
27
Nwosu, O. B., 2014, Determination of Magnetic Basement Depth over Parts of Middle Benue Trough by Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) Technique Using HRAM. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 3(1), ISSN 2277-8616.
28
Obaje, N. G., 1994, Coal Petrology, Microfossils and Palaeoenvironments of Cretaceous Coal Measures in the Middle Benue Trough of Nigeria. Tubinger Mikropalaontologische Mitteilugen, 11, 1-150.
29
Obaje, N. G., 2009, Geology and Mineral Resources of Nigeria. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences. Eds.: Bhattacharji, S., Neugebauer, H.J., Reitner, J. and Stuwe, K. pub. Springer.
30
Offodile, M. E., 1976, The Geology of the Middle Benue Nigeria. Cretaceous Research, Paleontological Institute: University of Uppsala. Special Publication. 4, 1-166.
31
Offodile, M. E., 1984, The Geology and Tectonics of Awe Brine Field. Journal of Earth Sciences, 2, 191-202.
32
Ofoegbu, C. O., 1985, A review of the geology of the Benue trough, Nigeria. Journal African Earth Sciences, 283-291.
33
Ofor, N. P. and Udensi, E. E., 2014, Determination of the heat flow in the Sokoto Basin, Nigeria using spectral analysis of aeromagnetic data. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 83-93.
34
Okubo, Y., Graf R. J., Hansen, R. O., Ogawa, K. and Tsu, H., 1985, Curie point depths of the Island of Kyushu and surrounding areas, Japan. Geophysics, 53(3), 481–494.
35
Okubo, Y., Tsu, H. and Ogawa, K., 1989, Estimation of Curie point temperature and geothermal structure of Island arc of Japan. Tectonophysics, 159, 279–290.
36
Onuoha, K. M., Ofoegbu, C. O. and Ahmed, M. N., 1994, Spectral Analysis of Aeromagnetic Data over the Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology, 30, (2), 211-217.
37
Osazuwa, I. B., Ajakaiye, D. E. and Verheiien, P. J. T., 1981, Analysis of the structure of part of the upper Benue rift valley on the basis of new geophysical data. Earth Evolution Sciences, 2, 126-135.
38
Patrick, N. O., Fadele, S. I. and Adegoke, I., 2013, Stratigraphic report of the middle Benue Trough, Nigeria: Insights from petrographic and structural evaluation of Abuni and Environs part of late Albian–Cenomanian Awe and Keana Formations. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 14, 557-570. Retrieved from http://www.akamaiuniversity.us/PJST.htm
39
Ross, H. E., Blakely, R. J. and Zoback, M. D., 2006, Testing the use of aeromagnetic data for the determination of Curie depth in California. Geophysics, 71(5), L51–L59.
40
Rybach, L., 1976, Radioactive heat production in rocks and its relation to other Petrophysical parameters. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 114, 309-318.
41
Sedara, S. O. and Joshua, E. O., 2013, Evaluation of the existing state of geothermal exploration and development in Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Physics, 2(2), 118-123, ISSN 2347-3487.
42
Salako, K. A. and Udensi, E. E., 2013, Spectral depth analysis of parts of upper Benue Trough and Borno Basin, North-East Nigeria, using aeromagnetic data. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2(8), 2319-7064.
43
Shuey, R. T., Schellinger, D. K., Tripp, A. C. and Alley, L. B., 1977, Curie depth determination from aeromagnetic spectra. Geophysical Journal Royal Astronomical Society, 50, 75–101.
44
Slagstad, T., 2008, Radiogenic heat production of Archean to Permian geological provinces in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 88, 149-166.
45
Spector, A. and Grant, F. S., 1970, Statistical models for interpreting aeromagnetic data. Geophysics, 35, 293-302.
46
Stacey, F. D., 1977, Physics of the Earth. John Wiley and Sons publication New York, NY, USA: 2nd edition.
47
Tanaka, A., Okubo, Y. and Matsubayash, O., 1999, Curie point depth based on spectral analysis of the magnetic anomaly data in East and South-East Asia. Tectonophysics, 306, 461-470.
48
Telford, W. M., Geldart, L. P. and Sherif, R. E., 1990, Applied Geophysics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
2D DC resistivity forward modeling based on the integral equation method and a comparison with the RES2DMOD results
A 2D forward modeling code for DC resistivity is developed based on the integral equation (IE) method. Here, a linear relation between model parameters and apparent resistivity values is proposed, although the resistivity modeling is generally a nonlinear problem. Two synthetic cases are considered for the numerical calculations and the results derived from IE code are compared with the RES2DMOD that is a standard software for 2D resistivity forward modeling. For the first synthetic case, a model of resistive block surrounded by a homogenous medium is considered in different depths from 0.5 m to 4 m. For the nearest case to the surface, the IE pseudo-section is similar to its counterpart derived by RES2DMOD but its RMS error is a large value of 13.9 %. Increasing the depth of the anomaly results in decreasing of RMS values to 5.4 % for the deepest case and it is in correspondence with diminishing of the nonlinearity effects of electric fields for larger distances from the sources. The second model is composed of four conductive anomalies embedded in different depths. Visual comparison of IE response with software is indicative of high similarity of them, and RMS error for this relatively complex model is 7.5%, which can be an acceptable misfit for a linear forward operation. A very simple inversion algorithm using linear forward operator is applied on a real data set of a landfill survey in Germany collected by Wenner alfa array to demonstrate its productivity for practical applications. Reconstructed model using IE method is comparable with the inverted model derived by RES2DINV software, and it represents a good similarity with the original model.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_70965_a60c66bf651e280cdd75075471c76d38.pdf
2020-01-21
43
52
10.22059/jesphys.2019.260824.1007020
Forward modeling
integral equation
resistivity
RES2DMOD
Ramin
Varfinezhad
ramin.varfi@ut.ac.ir
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Earth Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Behrooz
Oskooi
boskooi@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Earth Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Auken, E. and Christiansen, A. V., 2004, Layered and laterally constrained 2D inversion of resistivity data, Geophysics, 69(3), 752–761.
1
Candansayar, M. E. and Başokur, A.T., 2001, Detecting small-scale targets by the 2D inversion of two-sided three-electrode data: application to an archaeological survey, Geophysical Prospecting, 49(1), 13–25.
2
Cardarelli, E., Cercato, M., Cerreto, A., Filippo, G. D., 2009, Electrical resistivity and seismic refraction tomography to detect buried cavities.
3
Coggon, J. H., 1971, Electromagnetic and electrical modelling by the finite element method. Geophysics, 36, 132–155.
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Dey, A. and Morrison, H. F., 1979, Resistivity modelling for arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional structures. Geophysics, 44, 753–780.
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Daniels, J. J., 1977, Three-dimensional resistivity and induced polarization modelling using buried electrodes. Geophysics, 42, 1006–1019.
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Dieter, K., Paterson, N. R. and Grant, F. S., 1969, IP and resistivity type curves for three-dimensional bodies. Geophysics, 34, 615–632.
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Fehdi, C., Baali, F., Boubaya, D. and Rouabhia, A., 2011, Detection of sinkholes using 2D electrical resistivity imaging in the Cheria Basin (north-east of Algeria). Arab. J. Geosci., 14(1-2), 181-187, DOI: 10.1007/s12517-009-0117- 2.
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Mendez-Delgado, S., Gomez-Trevino, E., and Perez-Flores, M. A., 1999, Forward modelling of direct current and low-frequency electromagnetic fields using integral equations. Geophys. J. Internal., 137, 336–352.
17
Mufti, I. R., 1976, Finite-difference resistivity modeling for arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional structures. Geophysics, 41, 62–78.
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Nwankwo, L. I., 2011, 2D resistivity Survey for Groundwater Exploration in a Hard Rock Terrain: A case Study of MAGDAS Observatory, UNILORIN, Nigeria. Asian J. Earth Sci., 4(1), 46-53.
19
Okabe, M., 1981, Boundary element method for the arbitrary inhomogeneities problem in electrical prospecting. Geophysical Prospecting, 29, 39–59.
20
Oppliger, G. L., 1984, Three-dimensional terrain corrections for misea-la-masse and magnetometric resistivity surveys. Geophysics, 49, 1718–1729.
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Perez-Flores, M. A., Méndez-Delgado, S. and Gomez-Treviño, E., 2001, Imaging low frequency and dc electromagnetic fields using a simple linear approximation. Geophysics, 66, 1067–1081.
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24
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25
Sasaki, Y., 1994, 3D resistivity inversion using the finite-element method, Geophysics, 59, 1839–1848.
26
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27
Scribe, H., 1981, Computations of the electrical potential in the three-dimensional structure. Geophysical Prospecting, 29, 790–802.
28
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29
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31
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33
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34
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Soil Amplification in North Cyprus
In this study, soil characteristics were investigated using four well-located earthquakes recorded by six accelerometers located in North Cyprus. The amplification values obtained according to the soil features were mapped in accordance with different frequencies using horizontal to vertical spectral ratio method. The dominant period values of the units below the station locations were calculated in order to prevent the resonance effect of structures under dynamic loads. In general, high amplifications were observed in the low-frequency range in the loose units, while low amplifications were calculated in the compact units. High amplification values were detected at low frequencies in accelerometer stations located above the Quaternary alluvium and gypsum marls in Nicosia. Since the soil dominant period varies from 0.1 s to 0.3 s, structuring between 1 and 3 floors should be avoided in this area. The dominant period values for Erenkoy and Famagusta are 1.1 and 0.6; therefore, structuring between 11 and 6 floors should be refrained, respectively.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_69482_4801002ddc0d2d113b310662cf9d402c.pdf
2020-01-21
53
61
10.22059/jesphys.2019.265668.1007037
Soil amplification
horizontal to vertical spectral ratio
soil dominant frequency
North Cyprus
Caglar
Ozer
caglarozer@atauni.edu.tr
1
Assistant Professor, Earthquake Research Centre, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
AFAD, 2018, Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Authority Presidential of Earthquake Department, https://deprem. afad.gov.tr, (last accessed July 2018).
1
Ambraseys, N. N. and Finkel, C. F., 1987, Seismicity of Turkey and neighboring regions 1899-1915. Annales Geophysicale, 5B, 701-726.
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Ambraseys, N. N., 1988, Engineering Seismology: Part I. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 17, 1-105.
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Ambraseys, N. N., 1988, Engineering seismology: Part II. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 17(1).
4
Ambraseys, N. N. and Jackson, J. A., 1998, Faulting Associated with Historical and Recent Earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Geophysical Journal International, 133, 390-406.
5
Ambraseys, N. N. and Finkel, C., 1995, The Seismicity of Turkey and adjacent areas. A Historical Review, 1500-1800. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 25(6), 645.
6
Ateş, A., 2016, 1999 Investigations of Soil Structure Resonance Overlapping and Structural Hazard Relations in Duzce City due to 1999 Duzce Earthquake. Duzce Universitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4, 911-925.
7
Aziz, A., 1942, Luminous phenomena accompanying the Cyprus earthquake, January 20, 1941. Nature, 149, 640.
8
CGHET, 2018, Cyprus Geological Heritage Educational Tool, http://www.cyprusgeology.org, (last accessed July 2018).
9
Demirtas, R., 2018, Helenik-Kıbrıs Yay Sistemi Diri Fayları, Paleosismolojik Çalışmalar ve Gelecek Deprem Potansiyelleri, https://www.academia.edu, (last accessed July 2018).
10
Dewey, J. F., Hempton, M. R., Kidd, W.S.F., Saroglu, F. and Sengor, A.M.C., 1986, Shortening of continental lithoshpere: The neo-tectonics of eastern Anatolia-a young collision zone, in Coward, M.P., Reis, A. C. (Eds.). Collision Tectonics, Geological Society, London, 3-36.
11
Galanopoulos, G. A. and Delibasis, N., 1965, The seismic Activity in Cyprus Area, Notes of the Academy of Athens, Athens.
12
Gok, E., Kececioglu, M., Ceken, U. and Polat, O., 2012, IzmirNET Istasyonlarinda Standart Spektral Oran Yontemi Kullanilarak Zemin Transfer Fonksiyonlarinin Hesaplanmasi. DEU Muhendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(41), 1-11.
13
Hays, W. W., 1986, Site amplification of earthquake ground motion. Proceedings of the Third U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 1, 357-368.
14
Hill, G., 1948, A History of Cyprus, vol. 2: The Frankish Period, 1192-1432, Cambridge.
15
Kadirioglu, F. T., Kartal, R. F., Kilic, T., Kalafat, D., Duman, T. Y., Ozalp, S. and Emre, O., 2014, An Improved Earthquake Catalogue (M 4.0) For Turkey And Near Surrounding (1900-2012). 2nd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, 25-29 Aug., 411-422.
16
Konno, K. and Ohmachi, T., 1998, Ground-motion Characteristics Estimated from Spectral Ratio between Horizontal and Vertical Components of Microtremor. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 88(1), 228-241.
17
Le Pichon, X., Chamot-Rooke, N. and Lallemant, S., 1995, Geodetic determination of the kinematics of central Greece with respect to Europe: Implications for eastern Mediterranean tectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 12675-12690.
18
Lermo J. and Chavez G. F. J., 1993, Site Effect Evaluation Using Spectral Ratios with Only One Station. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 83, 1574-1594.
19
McClusky, S., Balassanian, S., Barka, A., Demir, C., Ergintav, S., Georgiev, I., Gurkan, O., Hamburger, M., Hurst, K. and Kahle, H., 2000, Global Positioning System constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 5695-5719.
20
McKenzie, D., 1972, Active tectonics of the Mediterranean Region. Geophysical Journal International, 30, 109-185.
21
McKenzie, D., 1976, The east Anatolian fault: a major structure in eastern Turkey. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 29, 189-193.
22
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23
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24
Nakamura, Y., 1989, A Method for Dynamic Characteristics Estimation of Subsurface using Microtremor on the Ground Surface. Quarterly Report of Railway Technology Research Institute, 30, 25-33.
25
Ozer, C. and Polat, O., 2017a, Determination of 1-D (One-Dimensional) seismic velocity structure of Izmir and surroundings. DEU Journal of Science and Engineering, 19, 147-168.
26
Ozer, C. and Polat, O., 2017b, Local earthquake tomography of Izmir geothermal area, Aegean region of Turkey. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, 58(1), 17-42.
27
Ozer, C. and Polat, O., 2017c, 3-D crustal velocity structure of Izmir and surroundings. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 32(3), 733-747.
28
Ozer, C., Gok, E. and Polat, O., 2018, Three-Dimensional Seismic Velocity Structure of the Aegean Region of Turkey from Local Earthquake Tomography. Annals of Geophysics, 61(1), 1-21.
29
Pamuk, E., Ozdag, O. C. and Akgun, M., 2018, Soil characterization of Bornova Plain (Izmir, Turkey) and its surroundings using a combined survey of MASW and ReMi methods and Nakamura’s (HVSR) technique. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 1-13.
30
Pamuk, E., Ozdag, O. C., Tuncel, A., Ozyalin, S. and Akgun, M., 2018, Local site effects evaluation for Aliaga/Izmir using HVSR (Nakamura technique) and MASW methods. Natural Hazards, 90(2), 887-899.
31
Pamuk, E., Gonenc, T., Ozdag, O. C. and Akgun, M., 2018, 3D Bedrock Structure of Bornova Plain and Its Surroundings (İzmir/Western Turkey). Pure and Applied Geophysics, 175(1), 325-340.
32
Pamuk, E., Ozdag, O. C., Ozyalin, S. and Akgun, M., 2017, Soil characterization of Tinaztepe region (Izmir/Turkey) using surface wave methods and Nakamura (HVSR) technique. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 16(2), 447-458.
33
Pamuk, E., Akgun, M., Ozdag, O. C. and Gonenc, T., 2017, 2-D soil and engineering-seismic bedrock modeling of eastern part of Izmir inner bay/Turkey. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 137, 104-117.
34
Pantazis, T. M., 1969, A revised bibliography of Cyprus geology. Bulletin of the Geological Survey Department of Cyprus, 2, 57-81.
35
Papadimitriou, E. E. and Karakostas, V. G., 2006, Earthquake generation in Cyprus revealed by the evolving stress field. Tectonophysics, 423, 61-72.
36
Rodriguez, M. A., Bray, J. D. and Abrahamson, N. A., 2001, An Empirical Geotechnical Seismic Site Response Procedure. Earthquake Spectra, 17(1), 65-87.
37
Sesame, 2004, Guidelines for the Implementation of the H/V Spectral Ratio Technique on Ambient Vibrations: Measurements, Processing and Interpretation, http://sesame-fp5.obs.ujfgrenoble.fr/Delivrables/Del-D23.
38
Tan, O., Tapırdamaz, M. C. and Yoruk, A., 2008, The Earthquake Catalogues for Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 17, 405-418.
39
Yalcinkaya, E. and Alptekin, O., 2003, Dinar’da Zemin Buyutmesi ve 1 Ekim 1995 Depreminde Gozlenen Hasarla Iliskisi, Yerbilimleri, 27, 1-13.
40
Yalcinkaya, E., 2005, BYNET (Bursa-Yalova-Turkiye Ivme Olçer Agi) Istasyonlarinda Yerel Zemin Etkilerinin Incelenmesi. DEU Muhendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 75-85.
41
Yalcinkaya, E. and Alptekin, O., 2005, Site Effect and Its Relationship to the Intensity and Damage Observed in the June 27, 1998 Adana-Ceyhan Earthquake. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 162, 913-930.
42
Wessel, P. and Smith, W.H.F., 1998, New, Improved Version of the Generic Mapping Tools Released. Eos Transactions of American Geophysical Union, 79(47), 579.
43
Zhao, J. X., Irikura, K., Zhang, J., Fukushima, Y., Somerville, P.G., Asano A., Ohno Y., Oouchi T., Takahashi T. and Ogawa, H., 2006, An Empirical Site-Classification Method for Strong-motion Stations in Japan using H/V Response Spectral Ratio. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 96(3), 914-925.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Multi-Observations Initial Orbit Determination based on Angle-Only Measurements
A new approach with the ability to use the multiple observations based on the least square approach has been proposed for initial orbit determination. This approach considers the Earth’s Oblateness by using the developed Lagrange coefficients. The efficiency of the proposed method has been tested in two scenarios. The first scenario is to use the simulated and the second one is to utilize the real angle-only observations for the GRACE-like and GPS-like satellites. Under the first scenario, the ground-based observations are produced using the reduced-dynamic orbit generated by GFZ. Then, various error levels were added to the produced azimuth and elevation observations. The results show that considering the Earth’s oblateness could improve the accuracy of the initial orbit determination by six times for a GRACE-like satellite, and by 60 times for a GPS-like satellite. Afterward, under the second scenario, the real observations of the SLR station were used. In view of increasing in the number of observation tests, by increasing the numbers of the observations from 3 to 15, the accuracy of initial orbit determination was improved from 1496 to 8 m using the SLR data for the GRACE-A satellite.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_74722_c43c76b3e2b139015ea2d0fc5e447728.pdf
2020-01-21
63
76
10.22059/jesphys.2020.266081.1007038
Initial orbit determination
Angle-only method
Ground-based observations
Celestial Mechanics
Least Square Approach
Mohammad Ali
Sharifi
sharifi@ut.ac.ir
1
Associate Professor, Department of Surveying and Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Seif
m.r.seif@ut.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Imam Hossein University (IHU) , Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed
Farzaneh
farzaneh@ut.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Surveying and Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bate, R. R., Mueller, D. D., Saylor, W. W., and White, J. E., 2013, Fundamentals of astrodynamics: (dover books on physics): Dover publications.
1
Celletti, A. and Pinzari, G., 2005, Four classical methods for determining planetary elliptic elements: a comparison. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 93(1-4), 1-52.
2
Celletti, A. and Pinzari, G., 2006, Dependence on the observational time intervals and domain of convergence of orbital determination methods Periodic, Quasi-Periodic and Chaotic Motions in Celestial Mechanics: Theory and Applications, pp. 327-344, Springer.
3
Cerri, L., Berthias, J., Bertiger, W., Haines, B., Lemoine, F., Mercier, F. and Ziebart, M., 2010, Precision orbit determination standards for the Jason series of altimeter missions. Marine Geodesy, 33(S1), 379-418.
4
Curtis, H. D., 2005, Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students (Third edition. ed.).
5
Doscher, D. P., 2018, Orbit Determination for Space-Based Near Co-planar Observations of Space Debris Using Gooding's Method and Extended Kalman Filtering.
6
Escobal, P. R., 1965, Methods of Orbit Determination. New York: Wiley, 1965, 1.
7
Farnocchia, D., Tommei, G., Milani, A. and Rossi, A., 2010, Innovative methods of correlation and orbit determination for space debris. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 1071-2, 169-185.
8
Gauss, C. F., 2004, Theory of the Motion of the Heavenly Bodies Moving about the Sun in Conic Sections: Courier Dover Publications.
9
Gooding, R., 1996, A new procedure for the solution of the classical problem of minimal orbit determination from three lines of sight. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 6(64), 387-423.
10
Gronchi, G. F., 2009, Multiple solutions in preliminary orbit determination from three observations. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 103(4), 301-326.
11
Hu, J., Li, B. and Li, J., 2019, Initial orbit determination utilizing solution group optimization. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.
12
Jäggi, A., Hugentobler, U., Bock, H. and Beutler, G., 2007, Precise orbit determination for GRACE using undifferenced or doubly differenced GPS data. Advances in Space Research, 39(10), 1612-1619.
13
Karimi, R. R. and Mortari, D., 2011, Initial orbit determination using multiple observations. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 109(2), 167-180.
14
Karimi, R. R. and Mortari, D., 2013, A performance based comparison of angle-only initial orbit determination methods. Adv. Astronaut. Sci., AAS/AIAA, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, 150, 1793-1809.
15
Kristensen, L. K., 2007, N-observations and radar orbits. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 98(3), 203-215.
16
Kristensen, L. K., 2009, Single lunation N-observation orbits. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 105(4), 275-287.
17
Laplace, P. S., 1780, Memoires de l' Académie royale des sciences de Paris. Collected Works, 10.
18
Lin, L. and Xin, W., 2003, A method of orbit computation taking into account the earth's oblateness. Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics, 27(3), 335-339. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0275-1062(03)90056-7.
19
McCarthy, D. D. and Petit, G., 2003, IERS conventions. Paper presented at the IAU Joint Discussion.
20
McCutcheon, S. and McCutcheon, B., 2005, Space and astronomy: Infobase Publishing.
21
Merton, G., 1925, A modification of Gauss's method for the determination of orbits. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 85, 693.
22
Milani, A. and Gronchi, G., 2010, Theory of orbit determination: Cambridge University Press.
23
Milani, A., Gronchi, G. F., Farnocchia, D., Knežević, Z., Jedicke, R., Denneau, L., and Pierfederici, F., 2008, Topocentric orbit determination: algorithms for the next generation surveys. Icarus, 195(1), 474-492.
24
Montenbruck, O. and Gill, E., 2000, Satellite orbits: Springer.
25
Sharifi, M. A. and Seif, M. R., 2011, Dynamic orbit propagation in a gravitational field of an inhomogeneous attractive body using the Lagrange coefficients. Advances in Space Research, 48(5), 904-913, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2011.04.021.
26
Taff, L. G., 1984, On initial orbit determination. The Astronomical Journal, 89, 1426-1428.
27
Tommei, G., Milani, A. and Rossi, A., 2007, Orbit determination of space debris: admissible regions. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 97(4), 289-304.
28
Vallado, D. A., 2001, Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications (Vol. 12): Springer.
29
Van Helleputte, T. and Visser, P., 2008, GPS based orbit determination using accelerometer data. Aerospace Science and Technology, 12(6), 478-484.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Soil Moisture Content at Bukit Bunuh Meteorite Impacted Area using Resistivity Method and Laboratory Test
Determination of soil moisture content is of vital importance to many fields of study; civil engineering, hydrology, agriculture, geology, ecology and forestry. The occurrence of impact crater in Bukit Bunuh, a meteorite impacted area, made it an area of great interest to many researchers. In view of the process of impact cratering, the subsurface soil characteristics such as moisture content of the impacted area are prone to change and therefore prompted for this study. 2-D resistivity survey, borehole and laboratory test were used for the study. The outcome revealed that the subsurface soil inside the crater has high moisture content of 29 – 59 %, which corresponds to low resistivity values of < 300 Wm at a depth of < 20 m. This is probably caused by the geological processes involved in the impact cratering, which made the soil to be loose, porous and permeable, thus enhancing the moisture content. The soil overlying the crater rim and outside the crater has higher resistivity values > 300 Wm, which is indicative of low moisture content (< 29 %). The highly resistive soil is more pronounced on the crater due to the reclaimed soil during the impact cratering. Based on the data analysis, significant correlation between the soil moisture content and the electrical resistivity was established.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_70981_df1182f9278c0f2f17a55c88c89c3640.pdf
2020-01-21
77
87
10.22059/jesphys.2019.266387.1007041
Moisture content
soil
Impact Crater
2-D Resistivity
Laboratory Test
Mustapha
Mohammed
mustyadejo@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Lafia, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rosli
Saad
rosli28260@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, Pinang, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Nur Azwin
Ismail
nurazwin87@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, Pinang, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Sabiu Bala
Muhammad
sabiubala@gmail.com
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Rais
Yusoh
raisyusoh@gmail.com
5
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, Pinang, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Saidin
Mokhtar
mmokh@usm.my
6
Professor, Centre for Global Archeological Research, University Sains Malaysia, Pinang, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Adid, K., 2015, Determination of Water Content of Soil. Retrieved February 6, 2018, from https://engineerfeed. com/ determination-of-water-content-of-soil.
1
Arjwech, R. and Everett, M. E., 2015, Application of 2D electrical resistivity tomography to engineering projects: Three case studies, 37(6), 675–681.
2
Collins, G. S., Melosh, H. J. and Osinski, G. R., 2012, The impact-cratering process. Elements, 8(1), 25–30.
3
Ernstson, K. and Claudin, F., 2013, Understanding the Impact Cratering Process: a Simple Approach. Retrieved December 20, 2017, from http://www.impact-structures.com.
4
Gardner, C. M., Robinson, D. A., Blyth, K., and Cooper, J. D., 2000, Soil water content. Soil and environmental analysis: Physical methods. (K.A. Smith and C.E. Mullins, Eds.) (Second Edi). New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
5
Hazreek, M., Abidin, Z., Saad, R., Ahmad, F. and Wijeyesekera, D. C., 2013, Soil Moisture Content and Density Prediction Using Laboratory Resistivity Experiment, 5(6). https://doi.org/10.7763/IJET.2013. V5.652.
6
Hidayah, I. N. E., Saad, R., Saidin, M., Nordiana, M. M., Ismail, N, A. and Bery, A. A., 2015, Implementing gravity method on geological contacts in Bukit Bunuh, Lenggong, Perak (Malaysia). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/23/1/012011
7
Ismail, N, A., Saad, R., Mokhtar, S., Nordiana, M. M., Ragu, R. R. and Mark, J., 2015, Delineating Bukit Bunuh impact crater boundary by geophysical and geotechnical investigation, 020018(2015), 020018. https://doi.org/10.1063/ 1.4914209.
8
Ismail, N, A., Saad, R., Nordiana, M. M. and Mokhtar, S., 2014, The Conclusion of Searching Bukit Bunuh Crater Using Seismic Refraction Method. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 19, 2265–2275.
9
Kearey, P., Brooks, M. and Hill, I., 2002, An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration. Blackwell Science Ltd.
10
Melosh, H. J. and Ivanov, B. A., 1999, Impact Crater Collapse. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 27(1), 385–415. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev. earth.27.1.385.
11
Nawawi, M., Saad, R., Arifin, M.N.K., Saidin, M., Abdullah, K. and Sahibul, M. S., 2009, Integration of Geophysical and Remote Sensing Techniques for Geophysical Prospection in Lenggong , Perak. In Proceeding paper on International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation (pp. 4–7).
12
Nawawi, M.N., Mokhtar, S., Abdullah, J. I., Sapiai, S., and Adam, N., 2004, Geophysical applications in mapping Paleolithic workshop site in Bukit Bunuh, Perak, Malaysia. In International Symposium– Imaging Technology, 7, 427–429).
13
Nijland, W., van der Meijde, M., Addink, E. A. and de Jong, S. M., 2010, Detection of soil moisture and vegetation water abstraction in a mediterranean natural area using electrical resistivity tomography. Catena, 81(3), 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.03.005.
14
Nordiana, M. M., Saad, R., Mokhtar, S., Nawawi, M.N.M., Ismail, N, A. and Karamah, S. S., 2012, Characteristics of subsurface materials : Integration of seismic refraction , 2-D resistivity imaging and geotechnical ... Characteristics of Subsurface Materials : Integration of Seismic Refraction, 2-D Resistivity Imaging and Geotechnical Borehole Logs (August 2016).
15
Nur Amalina, M. K. A., Nordiana, M. M., Saad, R. and Mokhtar, S., 2012, Enhancing Magnetic Interpretation Towards Meteorite Impact Crater at Bukit Bunuh, Perak, Malaysia. In IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing, 1–7.
16
Ozcep, F., Tezel, O. and Asci, M., 2009, Correlation between electrical resistivity and soil-water content : Istanbul and Golcuk, 4(6), 362–365.
17
Ozcep, F., Yıldırım, E., Tezel, O., Asci, M. and Karabulut, S., 2010, Correlation between electrical resistivity and soil-water content based artificial intelligent techniques. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 5(1), 47–56, Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals. org/IJPS.
18
Pilkington, M. and Grieve, R. A. F., 1992, The geophysical signature of terrestrial impact craters. Reviews of Geophysics, 30(2), 161–181. https://doi.org/10.1029/92RG00192.
19
Saad, R., Ismail, N.E.H., Nordiana, M.M., and Saidin, M., 2014, The conclusion of searching Bukit Bunuh crater using gravity method. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 19, 4383–4392.
20
Saad, R., Mokhtar, S., Kiu, Y. C., Nisa, A., and Teh Saufia, A., 2012, Regional Magnetic Residual Subsurface Mapping in Bukit Bunuh, Perak, Malaysia For Potential Terrestrial Meteorite Impact Structure. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 17, 3599–3604.
21
Saad, R., Saidin, M.M., Muztaza, N.M., Ismail, N.A., Ismail, N.E.H., Bery, A.A., and Mohamad, E.T., 2011, Subsurface Study Using 2-D Resistivity Imaging Method for Meteorite Impact at. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 16(1), 1507–1513.
22
Saidin, M., 1993, Kajian perbandingan tapak paleolitik Kampung Temelong dengan Kota Tampan dan sumbangannya terhadap kebudayaan zaman Pleistosein Akhir di Asia Tenggara. Malaysia Museum Journal, 32.
23
Samsudin, A.R., Saidin, M., Ramli, S.H., Harun, A.R., Ariffin, M.H., Hamzah, U., and Karamah, S.S.M., 2012, Geophysical (magnetic) evidence of impact structure at Lenggong Perak, Malaysia.
24
Schwartz, B.F., Schreiber, M.E., and Yan, T., 2008, Quantifying field-scale soil moisture using electrical resistivity imaging. Journal of Hydrology, 362(3–4), 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.08.027.
25
Selen, R., 2013, Integrated Geophysical Study Of The Keurusselkä Impact Structure, Finland.
26
Siddiqui, F.I., Baharom, S., Bin, A., and Osman, S., 2012, Integrating Geo-Electrical and Geotechnical Data for Soil Characterization, 2(2), 104–106. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJAPM.2012.V2.63.
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Syed, B., Osman, S., Fikri, M. N. and Siddique, F. I., 2014, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Correlation of Electrical Resistivity with Some Soil Parameters for the Development of Possible Prediction of Slope Stability and Bearing Capacity of Soil using Electrical Parameters. 22(September 2011), 139–152.
28
Tezel, O., and Ozcep, F., 2003, Relationships of electrical resistivity and geotechnical parameters. Proc. of Conf. on Earth Sciences and Electronics (1250–1268).
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Turtle, E.P., Pierazzo, E., Collins, G.S., Osinski, G.R., Melosh, H.J., Morgan, J.V. and Reimold, W.U., 2005, Impact structures: What does crater diameter mean? Special Paper 384: Large Meteorite Impacts III, (June 2014), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2384-1.1.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Geothermal Potential Assesment of Way Ratai Area Based on Thermal Conductivity Measurement to Measure Thermal Properties of Rocks
Thermal conductivity measurements have been used for the Way Ratai geothermal prospect area. The thermal conductivity method is used to evaluate the ability of a rock to deliver heat by conduction. In the area, many surface manifestations are scattered in various regions, where hot springs dominate these various manifestations. The thermal conductivity mapping of rocks is carried out around geothermal manifestations by making a hole as deep as 1 m to insert the stick of conductivity meter. The result of thermal conductivity measurement method is data of k (thermal conductivity), Rt (thermal resistivity), and T (temperature). The measured value of conductivity data in the geothermal field is valued between 0.056 and 0.664 W/mK, thermal resistivity between 1.344 and 17.527 mK/W, and the temperature between 22.7 and 52.6°C. The difference in the value of thermal conductivity rock is influenced by several factors: existing geological structures in the field such as normal faults and lineaments, presence of alteration, and the manifestation zone of hot water or hot vapor that caused by fumaroles.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_74724_963deda3d07486a75269d56cb7814fc1.pdf
2020-01-21
89
98
10.22059/jesphys.2020.267095.1007048
Thermal conductivity
temperature
Geothermal
geology
Way Ratai
Karyanto
Karyanto
karyanto@eng.unila.ac.id
1
Ph.D. Student, Doctoral Program of Mathematics and Natural Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia Associate Professor, Department of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nandi
Haerudin
nandithea@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Rahmi
Mulyasari
rahmimulyasari@gmail.com
3
Lecturer, Department of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Suharno
Suharno
suharno.1962@eng.unila.ac.id
4
Professor, Department of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Posman
Manurung
reip65@yahoo.com
5
Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Blázquez, CS., Martín, A. F., García, P. C. and Aguilera, A. G., 2018, Thermal conductivity characterization of three geological formations by the implementation of geophysical methods, Geothermics, 72, 101–111.
1
Carslaw, H. S. and Jaeger, J. C., 1959, Conduction of Heat in Solids, Oxford Press, 2nd ed, pp 344-345.
2
Endovani, R., 2016, Analysis of thermal conductivity and porosity of sintered hot spring silica in Sapan Maluluang, AlamPauh Duo District, South Solok Regency, Journal of Physics Unand, 4 (1), 65.
3
Fraden, J., 1996, Handbook of Modern Sensors (physics, designs, and applications 2 nd), Sandiego, California, Thermoscan, inc.
4
Gafoer, S., Amirudin., Mangga, A. and Sidarto., 1993, Geological Map of Indonesia Quadrangle, TanjungKarang Sheet, Sumatera, 1: 250.000 scale, Bandung: Geological Research and Development Centre.
5
Gua, Y., Rühaak, W., Bära, K. and Sassa, I., 2017, Using seismic data to estimate the spatial distribution of rock thermal conductivity at reservoir scale, Geothermics, 66, 61–72.
6
Haenel, R., Rybach, L. and Stegena, L., 1988, Thermal exploration methods, In Haenel, R., Stegena, L., Rybach, L. (Eds.), Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination, Chapter 2, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
7
Haerudin, N., Karyanto, K. and Kuntoro, Y., 2016, Radon and Thoron Mapping to delineate the Local Fault in The Way Ratai Geothermal Field Lampung Indonesia, ARPN Journal, 11(7).
8
Horai, K., 1971, Thermal conductivity of rock forming minerals. J. Geophys. Res., 76, 1278–1308.
9
Isjmiradi, M., 1989, Thermal Conductivity Measuring Instrument Making Rocks With Needle Probe Method, Physics Departement, University of GadjahMada, Yogyakarta.
10
Jangam, S.V. and Mujumdar, A.S., 2010, Basic Concepts and Definitions, Drying of Foods, Vegetables, and Fruits: Singapore.
11
Karyanto, K., 2002, Distribution Mapping of Hot Springs in the Way Ratai Geothermal Area, Lampung with the Mise-A-La-Masse Method, Jurnal of Science and Technology, Unila, 8(2).
12
Karyanto, K., 2003, Subsurface Imaging of Way Ratai Geothermal Area Lampung with 2-dimensional resistivity method, Jurnal of Science and Technology, 9(3), 55.
13
Karyanto, K. and Haerudin, N., 2013, Qualitative interpretation of surface temperature at Way Ratai Geothermal Potential, Lampung, Proceedings of the Science & Technology National Seminar V, Research Institute University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung.
14
Karyanto, K., Sarkowi, M., Rustadi, Haerudin, N. and Satiati, I., 2008, Determination of Conductive Zones in Way Ratai Geothermal Lampung with Resistivity Method, Proceeding of SATEKS 2 Seminar, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung.
15
Raina, V.K., 1993, Concrete for Construction, Facts, and Practic, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Ltd., New Delhi.
16
Rühaak, W., Guadagnini, A., Geiger, S., Bär, K., Gu, Y., Aretz, A., Homuth, S. and Sass, I., 2015, Upscaling thermal conductivities of sedimentary formations for geothermal exploration. Geothermics, 58, 49–61.
17
Rühaak, W., 2015, 3-D interpolation of subsurface temperature data with known measurement error using Kriging, Environment Earth Science, 73(4), 1893–1900.
18
Saptadji, N., 2002, Lecture Notes "Geothermal Engineering”, Bandung Institute of Teknology, Bandung.
19
Suharno, S., Amukti, R., Hidayatika, A. and Putroi, M.K., 2015, Geothermal Prospect of Padang Cermin Pesawaran Lampung Province, Indonesia, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015, Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April 2015.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Least Squares Techniques for Extracting Water Level Fluctuations in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea
Extracting the main cyclic fluctuations from sea level changes of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea is vital for understanding the behavior of tides and isolating non-tidal impacts such as those related to climate and changes in the ocean-sea circulations. This study compares two spectral analysis methods including: Least Squares Spectral Analysis (LSSA) and Least Squares Harmonic Estimation (LSHE), to analyze satellite altimetry derived sea surface height changes of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. SSH data are derived from about 16 years of satellite altimetry observations (1992 to 2008), including the Topex/Poseidon and Jason-1 missions. By analyzing the real data, we extract significant tidal components in the spectrum of LSSA and LS-HE including those with the period of 62.07, 173.3, 58.71, 45.68, 88.86, 364.2 and 117.5 days, which are interpreted as Principal Lunar semi-diurnal, Luni-Solar Diurnal, Principal Solar Semi-diurnal, Principal Lunar Diurnal, GAM2, annual, Solar Diurnal periods are dominant in the level fluctuations. Moreover, some tidal components appear in the spectrum of LSSA and LS-HE, from which the Moon's semi-diurnal component is dominant. Also, to evaluate the efficiency of these two techniques, we run three experiments in each extracted frequency from LSSA, LS-HE, and astronomical tide tables are separately used to predict the sea level in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea for three years. The results of this prediction indicate that RMSE from LSSA, astronomical table, and LS-HE is 0.101 m, 0.093 m, and 0. 086 m, respectively. According to the results LS-HE is found a more efficient technique to analyze cyclic fluctuations from altimetry measurements.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_72941_8173bb449e8496bb205f0baf74f62b13.pdf
2020-01-21
99
119
10.22059/jesphys.2019.269327.1007060
Persian Gulf and Oman Sea
Least Square Spectral Analysis (LSSA)
Least Square Harmonic Estimation (LS-HE)
Satellite altimetry
Saeed
Farzaneh
saeed.farzaneh@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Surveying and Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ehsan
Forootan
forootanehsan86@gmail.com
2
Lecturer, school of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
AUTHOR
Kamal
Parvazi
kamal.parvazi@ut.ac.ir
3
Ph.D. Student Department of Surveying and Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Amiri-Simkooei, A.R. and Asgari, J., 2012, Harmonic analysis of total electron contents time series: methodology and results. GPS solutions, 16(1), 77-88.
1
Amiri-Simkooei, A., 2007, Least-squares variance component estimation: theory and GPS applications (Doctoral dissertation, TU Delft, Delft University of Technology).
2
Amiri-Simkooei, A.R., Parvazi, K. and Asgari, J., 2017, Extracting tidal frequencies of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea using multivariate least square harmonic estimation of sea level coastal height observations time series. Journal of the Earth and Space Physics, 43(1).
3
Amiri-Simkooei, A.R., Zaminpardaz, S. and Sharifi, M. A., 2014, Extracting tidal frequ-encies using multivariate harmonic analysis of sea level height time series, J. Geod., 88, 975-988, doi: 10.1007/s00190-014-0737-5.
4
Aviso and Podaac, 2008, Aviso and Podaac Users Handbook Igdr and Gdr Jason Products. Jpl D-21352, October. Smm-Mu-M5-Op-13184-Cn.
5
Boashash, B. and Putland, G., 2003, Polynomial Wigner-Ville Distributions and Design of High-Resolution Quadratic TFDs with Separable Kernals. In TIme-Frequency Signal Analysis and Processing: A Comprehensive Reference (pp. 3-27), Elsevier Ltd.
6
Cartwright, D. E., 1993, Theory of ocean tides with application to altimetry. In Satellite altimetry in geodesy and oceanography (pp. 100-141), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
7
Chelton, D.B., Ries, J.C., Haines, B.J., Fu, L.L. and Callahan, P.S., 2001, Satellite altimetry. In International geophysics (Vol. 69, pp. 1-ii), Academic Press.
8
Doodson, A.T., 1954, The analysis of tidal observations for 29 days. The International Hydrographic Review, (1).
9
Fok, H.S., 2012, Ocean tides modeling using satellite altimetry (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).
10
Fu, L.L. and Cazenave, A., 2001, Satellite altimetry and earth sciences. Vol. International Geophysical Series 69.
11
Frappart, F., Fatras, C., Mougin, E., Marieu, V., Diepkilé, A. T., Blarel, F. and Borderies, P., 2015, Radar altimetry backscattering signatures at Ka, Ku, C, and S bands over West Africa. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 83, 96-110.
12
Farzaneh, S. and Parvazi, K., 2018, Noise Analysis of Satellites Altimetry Observations for Improving Chart Datum within the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Annals of Geophysics, 61, p.42.
13
Khaki, M., Forootan, E., Sharifi, M. A., Awange, J. and Kuhn, M., 2015, Improved gravity anomaly fields from retracked multimission satellite radar altimetry observations over the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. Geophysical Journal International, 202(3), 1522-1534.
14
Mahalanobis, P.C., 1936, On the generalized distance in statistics. National Institute of Science of India.
15
Parvazi, K., Asgari, J., Amirisimkooei, A.R. and Tajfirooz, B., 2015, Determination of difference between datum and reference ellipsoid by using of analysis of altimetry datas of Topex/Poseidon، Jason-1 and observations of coastal tide gauges. Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology, 5(1), 257-269.
16
Papa, F., Legrésy, B. and Rémy, F., 2003, Use of the Topex–Poseidon dual-frequency radar altimeter over land surfaces. Remote sensing of Environment, 87(2-3), 136-147.
17
Purser, B. H. and Seibold, E., 1973, The principal environmental factors influencing Holocene sedimentation and diagenesis in the Persian Gulf. In The Persian Gulf (pp. 1-9), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
18
Picot, N., Case, K., Desai, S. and Vincent, P., 2003, AVISO and PODAAC User Handbook. IGDR and GDR Jason Products.SMM-MU-M5-OP-13184-CN (AVISO), JPL D-21352 (PODAAC).
19
Rubin, D. B., 2002, Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. ISBN: 978-0-471-18386-0.
20
Sharifi, M.A., Forootan, E., Nikkhoo, M., Awange, J.L. and Najafi-Alamdari, M., 2013, A point-wise least squares spectral analysis (LSSA) of the Caspian Sea level fluctuations, using Topex/Poseidon and Jason-1 observations. Advances in Space Research, 51(5), 858-873.
21
Tamura, Y., 1993, Additional terms to the tidal harmonic tables. In Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Earth Tides. Science Press, Bejing, 345-350.
22
Vaníček, P., 1969, Approximate spectral analysis by least-squares fit. Astrophysics and Space Science, 4(4), 387-391.
23
Vaníček, P., 1971, Further development and properties of the spectral analysis by least-squares. Astrophysics and Space Science, 12(1), 10-33.
24
Wu, Z., Huang, N.E. and Chen, X., 2009, The multi-dimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition method. Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis, 1(03), 339-372.
25
Xi, Q. W. and HOU, T., 1987, A new complete development of the tide-generating potential for the epoch J2000. 0. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 30(4), 349-362.
26
Kern, M., Preimesberger, T., Allesch, M., Pail, R., Bouman, J. and Koop, R., 2005, Outlier detection algorithms and their performance in GOCE gravity field processing. Journal of Geodesy, 78(9), 509-519.
27
PO. DAAC., 1993, PO.DAAC Merged Geophysical Data Record Users Handbook’ JPL D-11007, November 1996.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Combination of Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm to Inverse Source Parameters of Sefid-Sang Earthquake Using InSAR Technique and Analytical Model Conjunction
In this study, an inversion method is conducted to determine the focal mechanism of Sefid-Sang fault by comparing interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique and dislocation model of earthquake deformation. To do so, the Sentinel-1A acquisitions covering the fault and its surrounding area are processed to derive the map of line of sight (LOS) displacement over the study area. Then, using the ascending and descending tracks of the satellite, the three-dimensional displacement field is recovered over the region. The maximum horizontal and vertical displacements are about 12 cm and 5 cm respectively. The resulting displacement field is compared with Okada half-space dislocation model of earthquake to determine the focal mechanism and fault parameters by a nonlinear inversion method, which is composed of artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA). The coulomb stress and strain changes, which are important factors for prediction of aftershock event, are also determined. The numerical achievements show a slip of 4.5 mm, a depth of 8 km, dip angle of 55 deg and width of 10 km for this fault.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_70988_a4efcc0ef63be01177b78b7327ac3d37.pdf
2020-01-21
121
131
10.22059/jesphys.2019.269596.1007065
InSAR
Okada
ANN
GA
Sefid-Sang earthquake
Fault parameters
Coulomb stress
Saeid
Haji Aghajany
saeid.h.aghajany@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Pirooznia
ma.pirooznia@email.kntu.ac.ir
2
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Raoofian Naeeni
mraoofian@kntu.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yazdan
Amerian
amerian@kntu.ac.ir
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad, F., Mat-Isa, N., Hussain, Z., Boudville, R. and Osman, M., 2010, Genetic Algorithm-Artificial Neural Network (GA-ANN) hybrid intelligence for cancer diagnosis. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks (CICSYN '10), pp. 78.
1
Akbari, M., Ghafoori, M. Moghaddas, N. H. and Lashkaripour, G. R., 2011, Seismic microzonation of Mashhad city, northeast Iran, Annals of Geophysics, 54(4), 424-434.
2
Ambraseys, N. N. and Melville, C. P., 1982, A History of Persian Earthquakes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 219 pp.
3
Byerlee, J., 1978, Friction of rocks, Pure Appl. Geophys., 116, 615–626.
4
Cattin, R., Chamot-Rooke, N., Pubellier, M., Rabaute, A. Delescluse, M. Vigny, C. Fleitout, L. and Dubernet, P., 2009, Stress change and effective friction coefficient along the Sumatra-Andaman-Sagaing fault system after the 26 December 2004 (Mw = 9.2) and the 28 March 2005 (Mw = 8.7) earthquakes, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, Q03011, doi:10.1029/2008GC002167.
5
Cocco, M. and Rice, J. R., 2002, Pore pressure and poroelasticity effects in Coulomb stress analysis of earthquake interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B2), 2030, doi:10.1029/2000JB000138.
6
Del Frate, F., Ferrazzoli, P. and Schiavon, G., 2003, Retrieving soil moisture and agricultural variables by microwave radiometry using neural networks. Remote Sens. Environ, 84:174–183.
7
Del Frate, F. and Salvatori, L., 2004, Oil spill detection by means of neural network algorithms: a sensitivity analysis. Proceedings of the Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS '04. Anchorage (AK): IEEE International, 2, 1370--1373.
8
Fattahi, H. and Amelung, F., 2016, InSAR observations of strain accumulation and fault creep along the Chaman Fault system, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(16): 8399–8406.
9
Fialko, Y., Simons, M. and Agnew, D., 2001, The Complete (3-D) Surface Displacement Field in the Epicentral Area of the 1999 M(W) 7.1 Hector Mine Earthquake, California, from Space Geodetic Observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(16), 3063–3066. doi:10.1029/2001GL013174.
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Furuya, M. and Satyabala, S. P., 2008, Slow earthquake in Afghanistan detected by InSAR, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(6), doi:10.1029/2007GL033049.
11
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Guangyu Xu., Caijun Xu., Yangmao Wen., 2018, Sentinel-1 observation of the 2017 Sangsefid earthquake, northeastern Iran: Rupture of a blind reserve-slip fault near the Eastern Kopeh Dagh. Tecto, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2018.03.009.
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Haji-Aghajany, S., Voosoghi, B. and Yazdian, A., 2017, Estimation of north Tabriz fault parameters using neural networks and 3D tropospherically corrected surface displacement field. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2017.1289248.
14
Haupt, R. L and Haupt, S. E., 2004, Practical Genetic Algorithms, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
15
Huadong, G., Xinyuan, W., Xinwu, L., Guang, L., Lu, Z. and Shiyong, Y., 2010, Yushu earthquake synergic analysis study using multi-modal SAR datasets. Chinese Science Bulletin, 55(31), 3499–3503.
16
Jolivet, R., Lasserre, C., Doin, M., Guillaso, S., Peltzer, G., Dailu, R., Sun, J., Shen, Z. and Xu, X., 2012, Shallow creep on the Haiyuan Fault (Gansu, China) revealed by SAR Interferometry. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008732.
17
Kaneko, Y., Fialko, Y., Sandwell, D. T., Tong, X. and Furuya, M., 2013, Interseismic deformation and creep along the central section of the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey): InSAR observations and implications for rate-and-state friction properties, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118(1), 316–331, doi:10.1029/2012JB009661.
18
Kawasaki, I., Asai, Y., Tamura, Y., Sagiya, T., Mikami, N., Okada, Y., Sakata, M. and Kasahara, M., 1995, The 1992 Sanriku-Oki, Japan, ultraslow earthquake, J. Phys. Earth, 43, 105–116.
19
Khodaverdian, A., Zafarani, H. and Rahimian, M., 2015, Long term fault slip rates, distributed deformation rates and forecast of seismicity in the Iranian Plateau, Tectonics, 34, 2190–2220, doi:10.1002/2014TC003796.
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Motagh, M., Bahroudi, A., Haghighi, M. H., Samsonov, S., Fielding, E. and Wetzel, H.U., 2015, The 18 August 2014 Mw 6.2 Mormori, Iran, Earthquake: A thin - skinned faulting in the Zagros Mountain inferred from InSAR measurements. Seismological Research Letters, 86(3), 775–782.
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Okada, Y., 1985, Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 75, 1135-1154.
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
2-D Surface Wave Tomography in the Northwest Part of the Iranian Plateau
In this study, we obtained two-dimensional tomography maps of the Rayleigh wave group velocity for the northwest part of the Iranian Plateau in order to investigate the structure of the crust and the uppermost mantle of NW Iran. To do this, the local earthquake data during the period 2006-2013, recorded by the 10 broadband stations of the Iranian seismic network (INSN) were used. After the preliminary correction, Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves for each source-station path using the time-frequency analysis (FTAN) were estimated. Then, using a 2D-linear inversion procedure, the lateral variations in the group velocity distribution at different periods were calculated. The results are consistent with the previous studies and show major structural units in this region. Our results for the lower periods show distinct velocity anomalies along the North Tabriz Fault (NTF) and beneath the Sahand and Sabalan Volcanoes. Also, along the boundary of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) and the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic Zone (SSZ), lateral velocity changes are observed. The results for the longest period (the uppermost mantle) show low-velocity anomalies for most parts of the study area.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_72939_d954b140f4692ffa1ff253cf33d6f6b3.pdf
2020-01-21
133
142
10.22059/jesphys.2019.275722.1007087
Tomography
Rayleigh wave
Group velocity
Dispersion curves
linear inversion
Hooshmand
Zandi
hushmandzandi@alumni.ut.ac.ir
1
M.Sc. Graduated, Department of Earth Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Habib
Rahimi
rahimih@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Earth Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alinaghi, A., Koulakov, I. and Thybo, H., 2007, Seismic tomographic imaging of P- and S-waves velocity perturbation in the upper mantle beneath Iran, Geophys. J. Int., 169, 1089-1102.
1
Al-Lazki, A.I., Sandvol, E., Seber, D., Barazangi, M., Turkelli, N. and Mohamad, R., 2004, Pn tomographic imaging of mantle lid velocity and anisotropy at the junction of the Arabian, Eurasian and African plates, Geophys. J. Int., 158, 1024–1040.
2
Al-Lazki, A.I., Al-Damegh, K.S., El-Hadidy, S.Y., Ghods, A. and Tatar, M., 2014, Pn velocity structure beneath Arabia–Eurasia Zagros collision and Makran subduction zones, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 392(1), 45–60.
3
Amini, S., Shomali, Z.H., Koyi, H. and Roberts, R.G., 2012, Tomographic upper-mantle velocity structure beneath the Iranian Plateau, Tectonophysics, 554-557, 42-49.
4
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6
Bavali, K., Motaghi, K., Sobouti, F., Ghods, A., Abbasi, M., Priestley, K., Mortezanejad, G. and Rezaeian, M., 2016, Lithospheric structure beneath NW Iran using regional and teleseismic travel-time tomography, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 253, 97–107.
7
Chen, Y., Badal, J. and Hu, J., 2010, Love and Rayleigh wave tomography of the Quighai-Tibet plateau and surrounding areas, Pure Appl. Geophys., 167(10), 1171-1203.
8
Copley, A. and Jackson, J., 2006, Active tectonics of the Turkish-Iranian Plateau, Tectonics, 25, TC6006.
9
Ditmar, P.G. and Yanovskaya, T.B., 1987, Generalization of Backus-Gilbert Method for Estimation of Lateral Variations of Surface wave Velocities, Phys. Solid Earth, Izvestia Acad. Sci. USSR, 23(6), 470-477.
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26
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28
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32
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Variability of F2-layer peak characteristics at low latitude in Argentina for high and low solar activity and comparison with the IRI-2016 model
This work presents the study of the variability of foF2 and hmF2 at a low latitude station in South America (Tucumán, 26.9°S, 294.6°E; magnetic latitude 15.5°S, Argentina). Ground based ionosonde measurements obtained during different seasonal and solar activity conditions (a year of low solar activity, 2009 and one of high solar activity, 2016) are considered in order to compare the ionospheric behavior. The parameters used to analyze the variability are the median, upper and lower quartiles. In addition, the foF2 values are compared with those estimated by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) - 2016 model. It is found that: a) A clear dependence on solar activity is observed in foF2 and hmF2, both increase with increase in solar activity. b) the variability of foF2 is higher at low solar activity, this behavior is not observed in hmF2 that present similar variability during both periods. c) the variability of foF2 is larger at night than during the day, this behavior is more pronounced during the high solar activity period. d) The variability of foF2 is higher than that of hmF2. e) Significant planetary wave spectral peaks at about 2 and 5 days are observed at high and low solar activity. f) In general, IRI overestimates foF2 during daytime, and underestimates it at post-sunset period, a better agreement is shown during nighttime.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_69142_8f0ae60d1750da1b51b5610cf49324c9.pdf
2020-01-21
143
164
10.22059/jesphys.2019.252489.1006975
Ionosphere
variability
IRI
Gilda de L.
González
gildadelourdes@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of of Ingineering, Saint Thomas Aquina University of the North, Tucumán, Argentina
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jorgelina
López
jorgelinaluisa@gmail.com
2
Researcher, CIASUR - National Technological University, Tucumán, Argentina
AUTHOR
Abdu, M. A., 2016, Electrodynamics of ionospheric weather over low latitudes. Geosci. Lett. [Internet] 3:11. Available from: http://www.geoscienceletters.com/ content/3/1/11.
1
De Abreu, A. J., Fagundes, P. R., Bolzan, M. J. A., Gende, M., Brunini, C., De Jesus, R., Pillat, V. G., Abalde, J. R. and Lima, W. L. C., 2014, Traveling planetary wave ionospheric disturbances and their role in the generation of equatorial spread-F and GPS phase fluctuations during the last extreme low solar activity and comparison with high solar activity. J. Atmos. Solar-Terrestrial Phys. [Internet] 117:7-19. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jastp.2014.05.005.
2
Alam Kherani, E., Abdu, M. A., De Paula, E. R., Fritts, D. C., Sobral, J. H. A. and De Meneses, F. C., 2009, The impact of gravity waves rising from convection in the lower atmosphere on the generation and nonlinear evolution of equatorial bubble. Ann. Geophys. [Internet] 27:1657-1668. Available from: www.ann-geophys.net/27/1657/2009.
3
Altinay, O., Tulunay, E. and Tulunay, Y., 1997, Forecasting of ionospheric critical frequency using neural networks. Geophys. Res. Lett. [Internet], 24:1467. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/ 10.1029/97GL01381.
4
Bilitza, D., Altadill, D., Truhlik, V., Shubin, V., Galkin, I., Reinisch, B. and Huang, X., 2017, International Reference Ionosphere 2016: From ionospheric climate to real-time weather predictions. Sp. Weather [Internet] 15:418-429. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016SW001593.
5
Bilitza, D., McKinnell, L. A., Reinisch, B. and Fuller-Rowell, T., 2011, The international reference ionosphere today and in the future. J. Geod. [Internet], 85:909-920. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00190-010-0427-x.
6
Bilitza, D., Obrou, O. K., Adeniyi, J. O. and Oladipo, O., 2004, Variability of foF2 in the equatorial ionosphere. Adv. Sp. Res. [Internet], 34:1901-1906. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0273117704007094.
7
Chum, J., Bonomi, F. A. M., Fišer, J., Cabrera, M. A., Ezquer, R. G., Burešová, D., Laštovička, J., Baše, J. and Hruška, F., 2014, Propagation of gravity waves and spread F in the low-latitude ionosphere over Tucumán, Argentina, by continuous Doppler sounding: First results. J. Geophys. Res. Sp. Phys. [Internet], 119:6954-6965. Available from: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000344809600068&KeyUID=WOS:000344809600068%0Ahttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020184.
8
Davies, K., 2008, Ionospheric Radio. London, United Kingdom: The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
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Eccles, V., Rice, D. D., Sojka, J. J., Valladares, C. E., Bullett, T. and Chau, J. L., 2011, Lunar atmospheric tidal effects in the plasma drifts observed by the Low-Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network. J. Geophys. Res. Sp. Phys., 116:1-8.
10
Ezquer, R. G., Mosert, M., Corbella, R., Erazù, M., Radicella, S. M., Cabrera, M. and De La Zerda, L., 2004, Day-to-day variability of ionospheric characteristics in the American sector. Adv. Sp. Res., 34:1887-1893.
11
Kelley, M. C., 2009, The Earth’ s Ionosphere Second Edition. Elsevier.
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Kumluca, A., Tulunay, E. and Topalii, I., 1999, Temporal and spatial forecasting of ionospheric critical frequency using neural networks. 34:1497-1506.
13
Laštovička, J., 2006, Forcing of the ionosphere by waves from below. J. Atmos. Solar-Terrestrial Phys. [Internet], 68:479-497. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364682605002579.
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Meza, A., Brunini, C. and Kleusberg, A., 2000, Global ionospheric models in three dimensions from GPS measurements: Numerical simulation. Geofísica Int., 39:21-27.
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Mikhailov, A. V., Depuev, V. H. and Depueva, A. H., 2007, Short-Term fo F2 Forecast: Present Day State of Art. En: Springer, Dordrecht, p 169-184, Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/1-4020-5446-7_16.
16
Ogawa, T., Otsuka, Y., Shiokawa, K., Saito, A. and Nishioka, M., 2006, Ionospheric Disturbances Over Indonesia and Their Possible Association With Atmospheric Gravity Waves From the Troposphere. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan [Internet], 84A:327-342. Available from: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33748458077&partnerID=tZOtx3y1.
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18
Sales, G. S., 1992, High Frequency (HF) radiowave propagation. Lowell, Massachusetts.
19
Shim, J. S., Kuznetsova, M., Raster, L., Bilitza, D., Butala, M., Codrescu, M., Emery, B. A., Foster, B. and Fuller-Rowell, T. J., 2012, CEDAR electrodynamics thermosphere ionosphere (ETI) challenge for systematic assessment of ionosphere/thermosphere models: Electron density, neutral density, NmF2, and hmF2 using space based observations. Sp. Weather 10.
20
Spiegel, M. R., 1976, Teoría y problemas de Probabilidad y Estadística. McGraw-Hill.
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Strangeways, H. J., Kutiev, I., Cander, L. R., Kouris, S., Gherm, V., Marin, D., De La Morena, B., Pryse, S. E. and Perrone, L., 2009, Near-Earth space plasma modelling and forecasting. Ann. Geophys., 52:255-271.
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Whitehead, J. D., 1971, Ionization Disturbances Caused by Gravity Waves in the Presence of an Electrostatic Field and Background Wind. J. Geophys. Res., 76:238-241.
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24
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25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and its spatial changes in Gulf of Oman for the period of 2003 to 2015
Considering the great application of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in climatic and oceanic investigations, this research deals with the investigation of spatial autocorrelation pattern of SST data obtained from AVHRR sensor for Gulf of Oman from 2003 to 2015 (13 years). To achieve this aim, two important spatial statistics, i.e. global Moran and Anselin local Moran’s I were employed within monthly and annually timescales. The results obtained from global Moran in the monthly scale suggested the existence of a strong autocorrelation and cluster pattern for SST data across all months, where warm months had a stronger autocorrelation in comparison with cold months. Furthermore, global Moran index within annual scale indicated an ascending trend for autocorrelation and clustering of SST data within the 13 studied years. To represent the manner of clustering, local Moran index was employed. Based on the results of this index within monthly scale, it was found that in winter, especially during January and February, low-low clusters, which represent low SST values, have been formed in western parts, while high-high clusters, which represent high SST values, have been formed in the southeastern parts of Gulf of Oman. After this season, the mentioned pattern changed, and from May to October, low-low clusters have been developed in the southeastern parts, while high-high clusters have been developed in the western parts of Gulf of Oman. The map of clusters for the annual scale suggested the growth of high-high clusters and reduction of low-low clusters of SST overtime. Based on these findings, it could be concluded that warming of SST in Gulf of Oman within this time period has been statistically significant and positive.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_69143_7afd62515bb945bc2abea17b0242717b.pdf
2020-01-21
165
179
10.22059/jesphys.2019.252382.1006976
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
spatial statistic
Global Moran’s I
Anselin Local Moran’s I
Gulf of Oman
Younes
Khosravi
khosravi@znu.ac.ir
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Bahri
ali.bahri@znu.ac.ir
2
M.Sc. Student, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Azadeh
Tavakoli
atavakoli@znu.ac.ir
3
Ph.D. Student, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Anselin, L., 1992, Spatial data Analysis with GIS: an Introduction to Application in the Social Sciences.
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Muhammad, S., Memon, A. A., Muneeb, M. and Ghauri, B., 2016, Seasonal and spatial patterns of SST in the northern Arabian Sea during 2001–2012. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 19, 17-22.
26
Mustapha, S. B., Larouche, P. and Dubois, J. M., 2016, Spatial and temporal variability of sea-surface temperature fronts in the coastal Beaufort Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 124, 134-141.
27
Nieves, V., Llebot, C., Turiel, A., Solé, J., García‐Ladona, E., Estrada, M. and Blasco, D., 2007, Common turbulent signature in sea surface temperature and chlorophyll maps. Geophysical Research Letters 34, L23602.
28
Park, K. A., Lee, E. Y., Chang, E. and Hong, S., 2015, Spatial and temporal variability of sea surface temperature and warming trends in the Yellow Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 143, 24-38.
29
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30
Poli, P., Healy, S. B. and Dee, D. P., 2010, Assimilation of Global Positioning System radio occultation data in the ECMWF ERA–Interim reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 136, 1972-1990.
31
Pratchett, M. S., Wilson, S. K., Berumen, M. L. and McCormick, M. I., 2004, Sublethal effects of coral bleaching on an obligate coral feeding butterflyfish. Coral Reefs, 23, 352-356.
32
Raziei, T. and Sotoudeh, F., 2017, Investigation of the accuracy of the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) in forecasting observed precipitation in different climates of Iran. Journal of the Earth and Space Physics, 43, 133-147.
33
Ren, Y., Deng, L. Y., Zuo, S. D., Song, X. D., Liao, Y. L., Xu, C. D., Chen, Q., Hua, L. Z. and Li, Z. W., 2016, Quantifying the influences of various ecological factors on land surface temperature of urban forests. Environmental Pollution, 216, 519-529.
34
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Sadeginia, A. R., Alijani, B., Zeaiean Firouzabadi, P. and Khaledi, S., 2013, Application of Spatial autocorrelation techniques in analyzing the heat island of Tehran. Journal of Applied research in Geographical Sciences, 30, 67-97 (in Persian).
36
Scott, L. and Getis, A., 2008, Spatial statistics. InKemp K (ed) Encyclopedia of geographic informations. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
37
Singh, G. P. and Oh, J. H., 2007, Impact of Indian Ocean sea-surface temperature anomaly on Indian summer monsoon precipitation using a regional climate model. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 27, 1455-1465.
38
Stewart, R. H., 2008, Introduction to Physical Oceanography.
39
Stramska, M. and Białogrodzka, J., 2015, Spatial and temporal variability of sea surface temperature in the Baltic Sea based on 32-years (1982–2013) of satellite data. Oceanologia, 57, 223-235.
40
Takahashi, T., Nakata, H. and Kimura, S., 2013, Long-term trends in sea surface temperature in coastal water in relation to large-scale climate change: a case study in Omura Bay, Japan. Continental Shelf Research, 66, 73-82.
41
Tavakoli, M., Shirvani, A. and Nazemosadat, M. J., 2016, Statistical prediction of the monthly mean sea surface temperature over the northwestern of the Indian Ocean. Iranian Journal of Geophysics, 10, 66-76.
42
Yamada, I. and Thill, J. C., 2007, Local Indicators of Network‐Constrained Clusters in Spatial Point Patterns. Geographical Analysis, 39, 268-292.
43
Yao, F. and Johns, W. E., 2010, A HYCOM modeling study of the Persian Gulf: 1. Model configurations and surface circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, C1 1017.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of St Patrick’s Day Intervals Geomagnetic Storms on the Accuracy of GNSS Positioning and Total Electron Content over Nigeria
Total electron content (TEC) and GNSS positioning error over two Nigeria GNSS stations (CLBR: Latitude; 4.9503°E, Longitude; 8.3514°N, FUTY: Latitude; 9.3497°E, Longitude; 12.4978°N) were studied during the geomagnetic storms of March 17, 2015 minimum Dst (Disturbed storm time) -223nT and that of March 17, 2013 minimum Dst of -132nT (the St. Patrick’s Day intervals); TEC was estimated using GPS Gopi TEC analysis software over the two stations during the storms period and the selected international quiet day used as reference. Understanding TEC variation in the equatorial ionosphere during geomagnetic storm will enable adequate prediction of GNSS positioning accuracy and correction over the region. Variation and enhancement of TEC were observed during the storms. The positioning error and TEC were higher at CLBR than at FUTY during the March 17, 2015 storm that could be as a result of latitudinal variation. The result will be useful for satellite based navigational systems.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_69148_d93e47449df59daef5cfff1de281bfd6.pdf
2020-01-21
181
188
10.22059/jesphys.2019.259772.1007014
Total Electron Content
Global Navigation Satellites System
Equatorial Ionosphere
geomagnetic storm
positioning accuracy
Joseph
Omojola
joseph.omojola@fulafiaphysics.org
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Lafia, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Taiwo
Adewumi
tydon4real@yahoo.co.uk
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Lafia, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Adebiyi, S. J., Adeniyi, J. O., Adimula, I. A., Joshua, B. and Gwani, M., 2012, Effect of the Geomagnetic Storm of April 5th– 7th, 2010, on the Layer of the Ionosphere of Ilorin, Nigeria. World Journal of Engineering and Pure and Applied Sciences, 2(2), 56-62.
1
Adekoya, B. J., Chukwuma, V. U., Bakare, N.O. and David, T. W., 2012, Effects of Geomagnetic Storm on middle Latitude Ionosphere F2 during Storm of April 2nd – 6th, 2004. Indian Journal of Radio and Space Physics, 41, 606-616.
2
Adewale, A. O., Oyeyemi, E. O., Adeloye, A. B. and Adedokun, M. B., 2013, Ionospheric Effects at Hobart and comparison with IRI model Predictions. Journal of Scientific Research and Development, 14, 98 – 105.
3
Afraimovich, E. L., Demyanov, V. V. and Kondakova, T. N., 2002, Degradation of GPS performance in geomagnetically disturbed conditions. E-print archive: http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/physics/0211015.
4
Amit, J., Sunita, T., Sudhir, J. and Gwal, A. K., 2010, TEC response during severe geomagnetic storms near the crest of equatorial ionization anomaly. Indian Journal of Radio and Space Physics, 39, 11-24.
5
Bolaji, O. S., Adeniyi J. O., Radicella S. M. and Doherty P. H., 2011, Variation of TEC over an Equatorial West African Station during low solar activity Radio Sci., 47, RS 1001, doi: 10.1029/2011RS004812.
6
Buonsanto, M. J., 1999, Ionospheric Storms. Space Science Reviews, 88, 563 - 601 Earth-prints. Internet repository of scientific papers. Available at: http://www.earth-prints.org.
7
Comberiate, J., Kelly, M., Dyrud, L. and Weaver G., 2012, Space Weather Effects on GPS Systems. Conference Proceeding at Applied Physics Laboratory, USA.
8
D’ujanga, F. M., Baki, P., Olwendo, J. O. and Twinamasiko, B. F., 2013, Total electron content of the ionosphere at two Stations in East Africa during the 24 – 25 October 2011 geomagnetic storm, Advances in Space Research, 51(5), 712 – 721.
9
European Space Agency (ESA), Navipedia. Available at: https://gssc. esa. int/ navipedia/index.php/Ionospheric_Delay.
10
Jakowski, N., Beniguel, Y., De Franceschi, G., Pajares, M., Jacobson, K., Stanislawska, I., Tomasik, L. and Waenant, R., Wautelet, G., 2012, Monitoring, tracking and forecasting Ionosphere perturbations Using GNSS techniques. Journal of Space Weather Space Climate, 2, doi: 10.1051/swsc 2012022 EDP sciences.
11
Klobuchar, J. A., 1997, Real-Time Ionospheric Science: The New Reality. Radio Science, 32(5), 1943 – 1952.
12
Kutiev, I., Tsagouri, I., Perrone, L., Pancheva, D., Mukharov, P., Mikhailov, A., Lastovicka, J., Jakowski, N., Buresova, D., Blanch, E., Andonov, B., Altadill, D., Magdaleno, S., Parisi, M., Tortaj, J.M., 2013, Solar activity on the Earth’s upper atmosphere. Journal of Space weather Space Climate, 3(A06), Doi: 10.1051/swsc/2013028.
13
Li, J., Ma, G., Maruyama, T. and Li, Z., 2012, Mid-Latitude Ionospheric Irregularities persisting into late morning during the magnetic storm on 19 March 2001. Journal of Geophysical Research, doi: 10.1029/2012JA017626.
14
Moreno, B., Radicella, S., de Lacy, M. C., Herraiz, M. and Rodriguez-Caderot, G., 2011, On the effects of the Ionospheric disturbances on Precise Point Positioning at Equatorial latitudes. GPS Solutions, 15(4), 381 – 390.
15
Monti, Ch., Sanjay, K., Barin Kumar, De. and Anirban, G., 2015, Effects of geomagnetic storm on low latitude ionospheric total electron content: A case study from Indian sector. Journal of Earth System Science, DOI: 10.1007/s12040-015-0588-3.
16
Olawepo, A. O., Oladipo, O. A., Adeniyi, O.A. and Doherty, P. H., 2015, TEC Response at two equatorial Stations in the African Sector to Geomagnetic Storms. Journal of Advances in Space` Research, 56(1), 19 –27, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2015.
17
Stankov, S. M., Stegen, K. and Warnant, R., 2010, Seasonal variation of Storm time TEC at European middle latitudes. Advances in Space Research, 46, 1318-1325.
18
Zhang, S., Zhang, Y. and Huang, C., 2015, Profiles of Ionospheric storm enhanced density during the 17 March, 2015 great storm. Journal of Geophysical Research, 121, 727 – 744, DOI: 10.1002/2015JAO21832.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of impact of climate change on building energy-saving design for two different climates; Metropolitans of Moscow and Tehran
In the present study, in order to monitor and project climate change impacts on model of the bioclimatic design, a comparative study was conducted between the Middle East and Eurasia as two different climates. This paper used the basic data from 1990 to 2010, and the CMIP5 climate models have been used to project the climate data (radiation, temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) from the outputs of CanEMS2 model, which its values have been dynamically downscaled using the RegCM4.6 climate model for the period from 2020 to 2049. In this study, the scenario RCP4.5 was used. The results of this study showed that the average annual temperature for the period 2020–2049 as compared with the present decade can be increased 3.27 °C and 4.71 °C for Tehran and Moscow, respectively. On the other hand, relative humidity changes in future compared to base period can be decreased 4% for Tehran and increased 10.5% for Moscow. The total assessment on climate change in the coming decades can lead to a change in bioclimatic design strategies of buildings for both study areas. Generally, with regard to future climate change for both study areas, the percentage of days needed to provide bioclimatic design strategies in the heating sector can be reduced; however, the need for providing cooling strategies for Tehran can significantly be increased. Although these conditions for Moscow can not change significantly, dehumidification strategies in Moscow can be more significant than of those in Tehran for the coming period.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_69155_737bc1c3ef55aea29d6c0f032a086b80.pdf
2020-01-21
189
202
10.22059/jesphys.2019.266270.1007040
Climate scenario
Building modeling
Bioclimatic design strategies
Metropolitan of Tehran and Moscow
Climate adaptation
Gholamreza
Roshan
r.rowshan@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aljawabra, F. and Nikolopoulou, M., 2018, Thermal comfort in urban spaces: a cross-cultural study in the hot arid climate. Int. J. Biometeorol, 62, (10), 1901-1909.
1
Bauer, N., McGlade, C. and Hilaire, J., 2018, Divestment prevails over the green paradox when anticipating strong future climate policies. Nat. Clim. Chang., 8, 130–134.
2
Belcher, S., Hacker, J. and Powell, D., 2005, Constructing design weather data for future climates. Build. Serv. Eng. Res. Technol, 26 (1), 49–61.
3
Eewell, J., McCollum, D. and Emmerling, J., 2018, Limited emission reductions from fuel subsidy removal except in energy-exporting regions. Nature, 554, 229–233.
4
Gunningham, N., 2017, Building norms from the grassroots up: divestment, expressive politics and climate change. Law & Policy, 39, 372–392.
5
Ghanghermeh, A., Roshan, G., Orosa, J. A., Calvo-Rolle, J. L. and Costa, Á. M., 2013, New climatic indicators for improving urban sprawl: a case study of Tehran city. Entropy, 15(3), 999-1013.
6
Iran Energy Balance, 2010, Iran Central Bank.
7
Iyengar, K., 2015, Sustainable architectural Design: an overview. Routledge.
8
Klimenko, V. V., Fedotova, E. V. and Tereshin A. G., 2017, Vulnerability of the Russian power industry to the climate, change. Energy, doi: 10.1016/j. energy. 2017.10.069
9
Klimenko, V. V., Ginzburg, A. S., Demchenko, P. F., Tereshin, A. G., Belova, I. N. and Kasilova, E. V., 2016, Impact of Urbanization and Climate Warming on Energy Consumption in Large Cities. Doklady Akademii Nauk, 470, 519–524.
10
Köhler, M. and Michaelowa, A., 2014, Limiting climate change by fostering net avoided emissions. Carbon Clim. Law. Rev., 8, 55–64.
11
Lazarus, M. and van Asselt, H., 2018, Fossil fuel supply and climate policy: exploring the road less taken, Climatic Change, 150, (1-2), 1–13.
12
Liggett, R. and Milne, M., 2017, Climate Consultant Help. University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA).
13
McGlade, C. and Ekins, P., 2015, The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2°C. Nature, 517, 187–190
14
Varentsov, M. I., Konstantinov, P. I. and Samsonov, T. E., 2017, Mesoscale modelling of the summer climate response of Moscow metropolitan area to urban expansion. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 96 012009
15
Moshiri, S., Atabi, F., Panjeshahi, M. H. and lechtenboehmer, S., 2012, Long run energy demand in Iran: a scenario analysis. Int. J. Energy Sect. Manag, 6(1), 120–144.
16
Pierangioli, L., Cellai, G., Ferrise, R., Trombi, G. and Bindi, M., 2017, Effectiveness of passive measures against climate change: Case studies in Central Italy, Build Simul., 10, 459–79.
17
Rogelj, J., den Elzen, M. and Höhne, N., 2016, Paris agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2 °C. Nature, 534, 631–639.
18
Roshan, Gh. R., Orosa, J. A. and Nasrabadi, T., 2012, Simulation of climate change impact on energy consumption in buildings, case study of Iran, Energy Policy, 49, 731-739.
19
Roshan, Gh. R., Shahraki, S. Z., Sauri, D., and Borna, R., 2010, Urban sprawl and climatic changes in Tehran, Environ. Health. Sci., 7(1), 43-52.
20
Roshan, G., Arab, M. and Klimenko, V. 2019, Modeling the impact of climate change on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of buildings in Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Engineer. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-019-00406-6.
21
Roshydromet: http://www.global-climate- change.ru/index. php/ru/climate-rf/78-about- climate-rf/180-doklad-o-klimate-rf-za-2011.
22
Rubio-Bellido, C., Pérez-Fargallo, A. and Pulido-Arcas, J. A., 2016, Optimization of annual energy demand in office buildings under the influence of climate change in Chile. Energy, 114, 569–85.
23
Saboohi, R., Soltani, S. and Khodagholi, M. Saboohi, R., Soltani, S. and Khodagholi, M., 2012, Trend analysis of temperature parameters in Iran. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 109, 529–547.
24
Schipper, L., 2000, On the rebound: the interaction of energy efficiency, energy use and economic activity An introduction. Energy Policy, 28, 351–353.
25
Sharmin, T. and Steemers, K., 2018, Effects of microclimate and human parameters on outdoor thermal sensation in the high-density tropical context of Dhaka. Int. J. Biometeorol, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s0048.
26
Sharmina, M., Anderson, K. and Bows-Larkin, A., 2013, Climate change regional review: Russia. WIREs Clim. Change, 4, 373–396. doi: 10.1002/wcc.236.
27
Shifteh, Some’e, B., Ezani, A., and Tabari, H., 2012, Spatiotemporal trends and change point of precipitation in Iran. Atmos. Res., 113, 1–12.
28
Soltani, S., Saboohi, R. and Yaghmaei, L., 2011, Rainfall and rainy days trend in Iran. Clim. Chang., doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0146-1.
29
Stewart, R. B., Oppenheimer, M. and Rudyk, B., 2013, Reaching international cooperation on climate change mitigation: building a more effective global climate regime through a bottom-up approach, Theoretical Inq. L., 14, 273–307.
30
Sedov, V. E., 2012, On climatic fluctuations and climate trends of modern Moscow. Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., 37, 537-545.
31
Tabari, H. and Hosseinzadeh Talaee, P., 2011a, Recent trends of mean maximum and minimum air temperatures in the western half of Iran. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 111, 121–131.
32
Tabari, H. and Hosseinzadeh Talaee, P., 2011b, Temporal variability of precipitation over Iran: 1966–2005. J. Hydrol., 396(3–4), 313–320.
33
Tabari, H., Hosseinzadeh Talaee, P., Ezani, A. and Shifteh Some’e, B., 2011a, Shift changes and monotonic trends in autocorrelated temperature series over Iran. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 109, 95–108.
34
Tabari, H., Shifteh, Some’e, B. and Rezaeian, Z.M., 2011b, Testing for long-term trends in climatic variables in Iran. Atmos. Res., 100, 132–140.
35
UNDP (United Nations Development Program), 2010, Department of environment. Iran second national communication to United Nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC). National climate office, department of environment, Tehran.
36
Wang, H. and Chen, Q., 2014, Impact of climate change heating and cooling energy use in buildings in the United States, Energy Build, 82, 428–36.
37
Zarenistanak, M., Dhorde, A. and Kripalani, R. H., 2014a, Temperature analysis over southwest Iran: trends and projections. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 116, 103–117.
38
Zarenistanak, M., Dhorde, A. and Kripalani, R. H., 2014b, Trend analysis and change point detection of annual and seasonal precipitation and temperature series over southwest Iran. J. Earth. Syst. Sci., 123, 281-295.
39
Zhou, Y., Clarke, L., Eom, J., Kyle, P., Patel, P., and Kim, SH., 2014, Modeling the effect of climate change on U.S. state-level buildings energy demands in an integrated assessment framework. Appl Energy, 113, 1077–88.
40
Zhu, M., Pan, Y., Huang, Z. and Xu, P., 2016, An alternative method to predict future weather data for building energy demand simulation under global climate change. Energy Build, 113, 74–86.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Reconstructing the Environmental Changes in the Western Border of Lut Plain Based on the Study of Nebkhas
In the old Lut playa underneath the hills of nebkhas, the deepening of the waterways and the extent of the expansion of the cones and the nebkha morphometry are evidences of environmental changes. To study the above-mentioned factors, it is necessary to rebuild the morphodynamic conditions of the region. In this research, the changes in environmental conditions of the area are investigated and rebuilt using the phytogenic hills of nebkha. Sampling was done by carving a surface on the sediments of nebkhas and specifying their layers. The sampled sediments were then studied in a geochemical lab and their age was estimated in a lab in Poznan in Poland, where they were sent. The results show that the region in a period of 735 years of the life of the Nebkhas has gone through several levels of environmental changes. The most intense processes and the wettest period among the studied periods belong to the third period about 735 years ago. These results were gathered by geochemical experiments such as the amount of organic matter, salt and lime on the layers of the sediments. The driest period among the periods studied is the 11th period, which took place around 114 years ago. The least intense processes with the lowest amount of humidity (according to the results related to the amount of organic matter in the sediments) were in this period.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_69864_43896075b3c7dec264e0e6e5f68195c7.pdf
2020-01-21
203
217
10.22059/jesphys.2019.266504.1007044
Morphodynamic
environmental changes
Plain of Lut
Nebkhas
Saeed
Negahban
snegahban@shirazu.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Economics, Management & Social sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Roshan
r.rowshan@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Barzani, M. M., & Khairulmaini, O. S. (2013). Desertification risk mapping of the Zayandeh Rood Basin in Iran. Journal of earth system science, 122(5), 1269-1282.
1
Bourke, M. C., Ewing, R. C., Finnegan, D. and McGowan, H. A., 2009, Sand dune movement in the Victoria Valley, Antarctica, Geomorphology, 109, 148–160.
2
Christopher, L., Seifert R., Steven, L., Forman, L., Foti, A., Wasklewicz, A. and McColgan, T., 2009, Relict Nebkhas (pimple mounds) record prolonged late Holocene drought in the forested region of south-central United States, Quaternary Research, 71, 329–339.
3
Deotare, B. C., Kajale, M. D., Rajaguru, S. N., Kusumgar, S., Jull, A. T., & Donahue, J. D. (2004). Palaeoenvironmental history of Bap-Malar and Kanod playas of western Rajasthan, Thar desert. Journal of Earth System Science, 113(3), 403-425.
4
Lang, L., Xunming, W. and Caixia, Zh., 2013, Moisture availability over the past five centuries indicated by carbon isotopes of Tamarix taklamakanensis leaves in a Nebkha profile in the Central Taklimakan Desert, NW China, Aeolian Research, 17, 50-68.
5
Mahmoudi, F., 1977, Birth and death of Nabaka. Journal of Faculty of Literature & Humanities University of Tehran, 97, Page 299.
6
Marwati Sharif Abad, A., 2001, Study of the relationship between erodibility of surface soil by wind and its physical and chemical properties in Rudasht region of Isfahan. Master thesis of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology.
7
Maghsoudi, M., 2006, Identification of effective processes on the development and evolution of sand complications (Case study: Complications of Sirjan pit sand), Geographical Research Journal, 56, 149 - 160.
8
Motamed A., 1990, Investigation of the Origin and Disposition of Sands in the Basin of Kashan. Tehran University Press.
9
Musick, H. B. and Gillette, S. M., 1996, Wind-tunnel Modeling of the Influence of Vegetation Structure on Saltation Threshold, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 21, 589-606.
10
Pourkhosravani, M., Vali, A. and Movahedi, S., 2010, Comparative grouping of Sidlitziafluridae, Romarita-kastanica and Alhaji-Manifera based on the vegetative forms of plants in the Kheyrabad region of Sirjan. Quarterly Journal of Geographic Space, 9(31), 158-137.
11
Pourkhosrowani, M., Vali, A. and Moeeri, M., 2009, Investigation of the relationship between plant morphology and morphometric characteristics of Nebacca spp, Journal of Natural Geographical Research, 69, 113-109.
12
Rafahi, H., 2004, Wind Erosion and its Control. Tehran University Press, Third edition, Tehran.
13
Sauermann, G., Andrade Jr., J. S., Maia, L. P., Costa, U. M. S., Ara`ujo, A. D. and Herrmann, H. J., 2003, Wind velocity and sand transport on a barchan dune, Geomorphology, 132, 1–11.
14
Sauermann, G., Kroy, K. and Herrmann, H. J., 2001, Continuum saltation model for sand dunes, Phys. Rev., E 64(3), 031305–1–10.
15
Tengberg, A. and Chen, D., 1998, A comparative analysis of Nebkha in central Tunisia and northern Burkina Faso, Journal of Geomorphology, 22(2), 181-192.
16
Tsoar, H., 2005, Sand dunes mobility and stability in relation to climate, Physica A, 357, 50–56.
17
Tsoar, H. and Møller, J. T., 1986, The Role of Vegetation in the Formation of Linear Sand Dunes’, in Nickling, W.G. (Ed.), Aeolian Geomorphology, Allen and Unwin, Boston.
18
Vali, A. and Pourkhosrowani, M., 2009, Comparative analysis of the relationship between Nebka morphometric components and plant morphology of Tamarix mascatensis, Reaumuria turkestanica and Alhagi mannifera species in Kheirabad, Sirjan. Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, 35(3), 134-119.
19
Wang, X., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Hua, T., Lang, L., Zhang, X. and Wang, L., 2010, Nebkha formation: Implications for reconstructing environmental changes over the past several centuries in the Ala Shan Plateau, China, Journal of Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology., 297, 697–706.
20
Wiggs, G.F.S., Thomas, D.S.G., Bullard, J.E. and Livingstone, I., 1995, Dune Mobility and Vegetation Cover in the Southwest Kalahari Desert, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 20, 515-530.
21
Wolfe, S. A. and Nickling, W. G., 1993, The Protective Role of Sparse Vegetation in Wind Erosion, Progress in Physical Geography, 17, 50-68.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spatial and Temporal Displacements in Wet and Dry Periods in the Southeast of the Caspian Sea: Golestan Province in Iran
The global warming phenomenon has had a great impact not only on the temperature patterns of the regions, but also on the spatial-temporal patterns of the occurrence of wet and dry days. As some areas have increased (decreased) the number of dry days, the result of these changes requires new approaches to water management in these areas. Golestan province in northern Iran is one of the provinces in south of Caspian Sea, where evidence suggests a decrease in precipitation days as well as the temporal displacement of precipitation days from the cold period to the warm period of the year. Therefore, the present study investigates the probability of occurrence of wet and dry days based on the one-time Markov chain method, as a change of decade. Thus, in this research, precipitation data from 197 precipitation stations for a period of 40 years from 1971 to 2010 was used. In this study, based on the most internal consistency of different regions in terms of the occurrence of wet and dry days, eight different spatial zones were identified. The results of this study indicate that the continuity of the wetter periods in the eight-cluster zones of Golestan province indication that the length of the wetter period has decreased in most months. The highest decrease in July was on average 0.20 days per decade. However, in August, September, and October, it reached its lowest level. In August and September, clustered zones in the eastern regions of the province show an increase in the longer period. This indicates that during the last decades throughout the second half of the summer, rainfall has increased in the province.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_74723_77f976733deeb0befebeb732e0726643.pdf
2020-01-21
219
235
10.22059/jesphys.2020.266696.1007046
climatic variability
Multidecadal variation
Precipitation pattern
Markov Chain
Golestan province
Ayesheh
Yelghei
yelghei@yahoo.com
1
M.Sc. Graduated, Department of Geography, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolazim
Ghanghermeh
a.ghangherme@gu.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Roshan
r.rowshan@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
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34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
First mesospheric in-situ measurement in Iran using sounding rockets and plasma impedance probe (PIP)
This paper reports on the progress for the first development of rocket probe for in-situ measurement of ionospheric plasma parameters in Iran. The designed probe known as Plasma Impedance Probe (PIP) will be used to measure the electron density, electron-neutral collision frequency, background magnetic field, and temperature in the mesospheric and in the altitude range of 70 km to 150 km. This paper presents a review of the current plan on design, analysis, fabrication and laboratory tests of the PIP. Specifically, the theoretical calculations as well as numerical simulations on the characteristics of the PIP is provided and discussed. The effect of several background parameters in the ionospheric region on the radiation characteristics of the immersed antenna in the background plasma is presented. The possible reduction technique in order to analyze the observational data and derive background ionospheric parameters is provided. The requirements for the implementation of the designed probe are investigated. The possible applications of the PIP in complex plasma are introduced.
https://jesphys.ut.ac.ir/article_70980_8759f9534c0680375e794c914b656326.pdf
2020-01-21
237
244
10.22059/jesphys.2019.269440.1007063
Plasma impedance probe
Ionosphere
in-situ measurement
sounding rocket
Alireza
Mahoudian
mahmoudian.a@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Space Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Swadesh
Patra
swadeshp@gmail.com
2
Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Sadeghi Kia
sadeghi_kia@ari.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Aerospace Research Institute Ministry of Science Research and Technology Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Peyman
Aliparast
aliparast@ari.ac.ir
4
Assistant Professor, Aerospace Research Institute Ministry of Science Research and Technology Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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18