Study of Physicsl-Chemical Characteristics and Concentration of Aerosols Derived from Cascade Impactor (Case of Dust storm in Yazd Area)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Atomic and Molecular, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract

Due to the lack of laboratory studies in the field of detection of aerosols and dust in Iran and in Yazd, in this study, using laboratory methods such as Cascade Impactor, a vacuum pump for sampling aerosols, Rotameter and other laboratory materials in the field samples have been analyzed for characteristics of dust particles such as PM10 and PM2.5 particles, and then the particle concentration has been obtained by weighing the specimens. Qualitative and quantitative studies of aerosols existing inside the dust storms is an effective procedure to identify their environmental effects and source detection. Increasing the frequency of these phenomena in desert areas with hot and dry climates, such as Yazd province, is another aspect of climate change, in that dry climates that are getting drier. On the other hand, increasing temperature due to global warming result in the extension of deserts. The main purpose of this study is identification and comparison of some the physical and chemical characteristics of aerosols existing inside dust storms with model results. For this purpose, we used 7-stage cascade impactor, with specific sampling rate and laboratory methods, aligned with PM2.5 and PM10 data.
In this study, four days of storms (3 and 23 May, 29 August and 29 September 2018) were examined. At first, with the use of 7-stage cascade impactor, aerosols of dust storm in the range of 0.4-10 µm are collected in different stages and their values were compared with PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations of particles with the reported values of environmental and meteorological organizations of Yazd city. Cascade impactor works with a specific pump in that the sampling inflow of air is 28.4 L/min in that the inflow was adjusted with a mechanical rotameter. The weight of filters was measured before and after the sampling. These filters were placed in the desiccator in order to eliminate the humidity from them. The results showed the compatibility of 24-hour accumulation of hourly data with cascade impactor results. Then, with using atomic absorption spectrometry device, the values of heavy metals such as Pb, Al, Cd in the samples related to the storms of 29 August and 29 September were examined. In the August 29 test, the lead element was in the low enrichment range (EF <3), and the cadmium element in most filters was in the high enrichment range (10 <EF <25). Also, in the September 29 experiment, the enrichment of the lead element was negligible, and the enrichment of cadmium was in the medium to severe range (5 <EF <10). Also, using HYSPLIT model and pairing with WRF model in five levels, the source and trajectories of the aerosols of storm were examined.

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References

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Journal of the Earth and Space Physics
Volume 50, Issue 3
online publication date: 5 Oct 2024
October 2024
Pages 763-772

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