تحلیل تأثیر دالان‌های جوی گردوخاک خاورمیانه و شمال افریقا بر آب‌وهوای ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران.

2 گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی دالان‌های گردوخاک توسط یک الگوریتم خودکار و بررسی ویژگی‌های زمانی و مکانی آنها در خاورمیانه و شمال افریقا و اثر آن بر آب‌وهوای ایران انجام شده است. برای انجام این‌کار، داده‌های عمق نوری هواویز و نمایه آنگستروم از طیف‌سنج تصویربرداری با وضوح متوسط (MODIS) (آکوا) در مقیاس روزانه با وضوح 1Í1 درجه بین سال‌های 2003 و 2020 استفاده شده است. پس از تعیین مجموعه‌ای از شرایط، الگوریتمی برای شناسایی خودکار دالان‌های گردوخاکی ایجاد شد. در نتیجه، 281 دالان گردوخاکی در خاورمیانه شناسایی و بر اساس جهت حرکت‌شان طبقه‌بندی شدند. بر اساس نتایج، در محدوده خاورمیانه و شمال افریقا، 33 درصد دالان‌ها به‌سمت غرب، 19 درصد موارد به‌سمت شرق، 36 درصد موارد به‌سمت جنوب و 12 درصد موارد به‌سمت شمال جریان دارند. بررسی تأثیر دالان‌های گردوخاکی بر ایران نشان داد که درصد قابل‌توجهی (%۵۸) از دالان‌های جوی گردوخاک رخ داده (در شمال افریقا و خاورمیانه)، کشور ایران را تحت‌تأثیر قرار داده است. از ماه مارس تا سپتامبر (حداکثر در تابستان) حداقل ۶۰ درصد از مساحت ایران حداقل برای یک‌بار تحت ‌تأثیر دالان‌های گردوخاکی قرار می‌گیرد. به‌طور کلی توزیع جغرافیایی چگالی وقوع دالان‌ها با ارتفاع از سطح دریا رابطه معکوس دارد. بیشترین فراوانی دالان‌های گردوخاکی در جنوب غرب کشور و در استان خوزستان مشاهده شد. این تحقیق شواهد جدیدی در مورد اهمیت و الگوهای حرکت دالان‌های گردوخاکی منطقه و اثرات آنها بر آب‌وهوای ایران ارائه می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the effect of atmospheric dust corridors in the Middle East and North Africa on Iran's climate

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Rezaei 1
  • Manuchehr Farajzadeh 2
1 Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2 Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Dust aerosols can travel thousands of kilometers through the atmosphere. In this study, we refer to these long-distance dust movements as Atmospheric Dust Corridors (ADCs). The main objective of this study is to identify ADCs using an automated algorithm and to analyze their temporal and spatial characteristics in the Middle East. To achieve this, we utilized daily Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Angstrom Exponent (AE) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (Aqua), spanning from 2003 to 2020, with a resolution of 1° by 1°. In this study, dust aerosols were identified based on AOD values greater than 0.3 and AE values below 0.75.
An algorithm was developed to automatically detect ADCs after applying specific conditions. First, dust masses were identified using the connected components labeling method, and the largest dust mass for each day was selected. The algorithm then examined several factors, including the geometric shape and movement of the dust mass (based on wind data). This method identified 281 ADCs, which were categorized by their direction of movement. Of these, 33% of ADCs moved westward, 19% eastward, 36% southward, and 12% northward. These corridors were most frequent in September, April, and March, while February, November, and December experience the lowest occurrence. Geographically, the highest frequency of ADCs was observed around 45°E, covering parts of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Syria.
Western and southern ADCs were primarily observed in the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Syria, southern Iran, southern Afghanistan, and northern Pakistan, while northern and eastern ADCs were predominantly found in northern Africa (Sudan, Chad, Niger, and Libya). May was the key month for western ADCs, September for southern ADCs, and April for eastern and northern ADCs. The Mann-Kendall test revealed no significant trends on a monthly or annual basis during the study period.
The analysis of ADCs' impact revealed that 58% of the ADCs observed, affected some regions of Iran. From March to September, at least 60% of Iran's area was impacted by these corridors, with the highest frequency in summer. The geographical distribution of ADC frequency showed an inverse relationship with altitude, with the highest occurrence in the southwest of Iran, particularly in Khuzestan province. Most ADCs entered Iran from the west and south, in line with prevailing wind patterns and the location of dust centers.
In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of dust transport patterns in the Middle East and North Africa, offering valuable insights into their impact on Iran's climate. It also underscores the importance of studying ADCs for climate planning, public health, and sustainable development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aerosols
  • Atmospheric Dust Corridors
  • Middle East and North Africa
  • Iran

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فیزیک زمین و فضا
دوره 51، شماره 1
تاریخ انتشار الکترونیکی: 20 خرداد 1404
خرداد 1404
صفحه 267-287

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