مطالعه عددی موردی تغییرات زمانی-مکانی غلظت‌های سطحی دی اکسید نیتروژن و ازون در تهران با استفاده از مدل WRF-Chem

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه فیزیک فضا، مؤسسه ژئوفیزیک، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 پژوهشکده علوم جوی، پژوهشگاه ملی اقیانوس‌شناسی و علوم جوی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی عملکرد مدل WRF-Chem در برآورد مقدار ایستگاهی و توزیع مکانی NO2 و O3 در منطقه تهران در طی تابستان‌های 1400-1398 انجام شد. در ابتدا، با بررسی داده‌های غلظت ساعتی و روزانه آلاینده‌های NO2 و O3 از مرکز کنترل کیفیت هوای شهرداری تهران برای ایستگاه‌های سنجش آلودگی، روزهای رخداد بیشینه غلظت O3 در فصل تابستان برای اجرای مدل WRF-Chem انتخاب شدند. در پیکربندی اجرای مدل از سازوکار شیمی RADM2 استفاده شد. برای تولید گسیل‌های شبکه‌بندی‌شده در دامنه شبیه‌سازی
از پیش‌پردازشگر گسیل PREP-CHEM-SRC استفاده شد. داده‌های گسیل جهانی از داده‌های گسیل RETRO و GOCART و
گسیل‌های انسان‌زاد گازهای گلخانه‌ای و آلاینده‌های هوا از جمله CO، NH3، NOx، SO2، NMVOC و CH4، از پایگاه داده EDGAR_HTAP v5.0 اخذ شدند. گسیل های اولیه هواویزهای انسان‌زاد کربن سیاه، کربن آلی و دی متیل سولفید از پایگاه داده مدل GOCART، گسیل‌های زیست‌زاد از مدل MEGAN و گسیل‌های NOx ناشی از آذرخش با استفاده از پارامترسازی بر اساس ارتفاع قله ابر به‌دست آمده‌اند. نتایج ارزیابیِ پهنه NO2 شبیه‌سازی شده و پهنه برگرفته از داده‌های ماهواره‌ای OMI نشان داد که با در نظر گرفتن کمی جابه‌جایی مکانی، مدل توانسته میزان بالای آلاینده NO2 روی منطقه تهران را شبیه‌سازی کند. مدل همچنین بیشینه آلاینده O3 سطحی را در تهران شبیه‌سازی می‌کند اما گذر ماهواره در اکثر روزهای اجرا، از روی منطقه تهران به گونه‌ای است که داده‌ای از O3 در اختیار ما نمی‌گذارد. در ارزیابی ایستگاهی، نتایج بیانگر فراتخمین غلظت O3 و فروتخمین زیاد غلظت NO2 توسط مدل WRF-Chem بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Numerical case study of spatial-temporal variations of surface nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations over Tehran using WRF-Chem model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mozhgan Shirin 1
  • Maryam Gharaylou 1
  • Abbas Ali Aliakbari-Bidokhti 1
  • Nafiseh Pegahfar 2
1 Department of Space Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Atmospheric Science Research Center, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the WRF-Chem model in estimating the amount of NO2 and O3 in the Tehran region during recent summers (2019 to 2021). First, by investigating the NO2 and O3 concentrations (including hourly and daily averages) from the Air Quality Control stations in Tehran city, the days of maximum ozone concentration in summer were selected for which run the Weather Research and Forecasting Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. The simulations were performed for 36-hours, and the first 12 hours were considered spin-up times. The simulations were conducted using two nests with 30 and 10 km resolutions, respectively, so that the second domain covered the Tehran region. Also, in the model settings, 35 levels were considered in the vertical direction, and the pressure at the highest level was 50 hPa. In these simulations, the Global Forecast System (GFS) data with a spatial resolution of 0.5 degrees and 6-hours time step was used as the initial and boundary conditions. Physical parameterization schemes that performed well in previous studies in simulating atmospheric pollutants dispersion were used in the model configuration. The Rapid Radiation Transfer Model (RRTM) and the Goddard Shortwave schemes were also used to simulate the long-and short-wave radiation, respectively. The Monin-Obukhov scheme was used to simulate surface layer fluxes and the Yonsei University (YSU) PBL scheme was also used to simulate boundary layer fluxes. The land surface fluxes were obtained from the NOAH model. In addition, the Grell and Devenyi ensemble scheme was used to parameterize moist convection and the WRF-Single-Moment-Microphysics 5-class scheme was used to parameterize microphysical processes. The RADM2 chemical mechanism was also used in this configuration. The PREP–CHEM–SRC emissions preprocessor (version 1.5) was used to produce anthropogenic, biogenic and biomass burning gridded emission over the user-specified simulation domain. The global emission data comes from RETRO and GOCART background emission data. Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants including CO, NH3, NOx, SO2, NMVOC and CH4, were derived from the EDGAR_HTAP v5.0 Emissions Database with 0.1 horizontal resolution. Primary anthropogenic aerosol emissions of BC, OC and DMS from GOCART model databases were also used. Biogenic emissions were calculated using the MEGAN model. Also, 3BEM fire emissions which are prepared using PREP-CHEM-SRC are used. Evaluation of the results of WRF-Chem model simulations was performed by two methods of horizontal distribution and station evaluation. The evaluation results of the simulated horizontal distribution of NO2 and the one is taken from the OMI satellite data showed that considering the slight spatial displacement in the model results, the WRF-Chem model had good performance in simulating the maximum surface NO2 in all cases. Considering the spatial distribution of O3 in days with maximum ozone pollution, the model has simulated areas of maximum ozone in the Tehran. However, in most cases, no comment can be made on the accuracy of the simulated maximum areas because of the not precisely coinciding of the results maps with satellite transits. The station evaluation showed an overestimate of ozone concentration and a high underestimate of NO2 concentration by the WRF-Chem model.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • WRF-Chem model
  • OMI satellite data
  • NO2
  • O3
  • evaluation

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فیزیک زمین و فضا
دوره 49، شماره 2
تاریخ انتشار الکترونیکی: 8 شهریور 1402
شهریور 1402
صفحه 471-490

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