بررسی هواویزها و آستانه‌های آن در غرب آسیا و ارتباط آن با پوشش‌گیاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانى دکتر على شریعتى، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

گردوخاک پدیده هواشناسی رایج در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌‌خشک جهان است که در اثر عوامل طبیعی یا انسانی ایجاد می‌شود. شناسایی چشمه‌های فعال گردوخاک نخستین گام برای مقابله با آن و کاهش پیامدهای مخرب آن است. برای این منظور از دو شاخص عمق نوری هواویزها (AOD) و اختلاف بهنجار‌شده پوشش‌گیاهی  (NDVI)از سنجنده MODIS ماهواره Terra برای دو دهه گذشته (2020-2001) استفاده شده است. برای بررسی چشمه‌های فعال هواویز در منطقه موردمطالعه درصد فراوانی آستانه‌های هواویزها با سه آستانه 3/0، 5/0 و 1 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بیشینه مقادیر AOD مربوط به فصول بهار و تابستان است. به‌طورکلی شش کانون اصلی هواویزها بر اساس مقادیر AOD و شاخص FoO برای منطقه غرب آسیا قابل تشخیص است. این کانون‌های هواویز در پهنه اقلیمی بیابانی گرم‌وخشک (BWh) دیده می‌شوند. تنها کانون هووایز مؤثر در شمال‌شرقی ایران در پهنه اقلیمی بیابانی خشک و سرد (BWk) در کشور ترکمنستان قرار دارد. بررسی ماتریس ضریب همبستگی هواویزها با پوشش‌گیاهی نشان از رابطه معکوس دارد، البته این رابطه بیشتر برای چشمه‌های هواویزها صادق است. فارغ از نقش تعیین‌کننده ویژگی‌های سطحی در رخداد هواویزها، دو پدیده هواشناسی همانند باد شمال تابستانه و باد 120 روزه سیستان در تشکیل کانون‌هایی با مقادیر AOD بالاتر 5/0 و 1 نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating aerosol optical depth and their thresholds in West Asia and their relationship with vegetation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shler Katorani 1
  • Mahmoud Ahmadi 1
  • Abbas Ali Dadashi-Roudbari 2
1 Department of Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Geography, Faculty of Dr. Ali Shariati Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Dust is a common meteorological phenomenon in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, which is caused by natural or human factors. The frequency and intensity of dust have increased in the last two decades. Identifying the active sources of dust is the first step in dealing with it and reducing its harmful consequences. For this purpose, two indices of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor of the Terra satellite have been used for the last two decades (2001-2021). To investigate dust events in the study area, the frequency of occurrence of aerosol optical depth (FoO) was investigated with three thresholds of 0.3, 0.5, and 1. The maximum AOD values are related to the spring and summer seasons. Regions with an aerosol optical depth of more than 1 are only limited to the warm period of the year and the areas of Mesopotamia region, Arabian deserts, desert areas of Syria, Dasht-e Margo and Dasht-e Sistan, and eastern Pakistan. The nationwide dust that covers wide areas in Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf countries and the west and southwest of Iran are mostly more than 0.5 in terms of AOD values. In general, six hotspots of dust can be identified based on the values of the AOD and FoO index for the West Asian region. These six regions are 1- Thar desert in Pakistan, 2- Rub' al Khali, Ad-Dahna, Al Nufud Al Kabirdesert in Saudi Arabia, 3- the Syrian desert, 4- the Desert regions of Iraq and especially the Mesopotamia region, 5- Dry and desert regions of Oman, 6- Dasht-e Margo and Dasht-e Sistan (in Afghanistan and Iran). These dust hotspots are found in arid, desert, and hot climate regions (BWh). The only effective hotspots in northeastern Iran are located in the arid, desert, and cold climate region (BWk) in Turkmenistan. In general, dust hotspots have an inverse relationship with vegetation, although this relationship is more for spring hotspots. Regardless of the determining role of surface characteristics in the occurrence of dust, two meteorological phenomena, the summer Shamal wind and the wind of 120 days of Sistan, have a determining role in the formation of hotspots with higher AOD values of 0.5 and 1. The area-averaged time series of MOD04 product values show that the value of AOD is increasing. Also, the results showed that the increase in AOD values from the 2010s onwards shows an upward trend compared to that of the 2000s. The dry bed of lakes and alluvial sources (Mesopotamia), human activities on the one hand, and the occurrence of drought and climate change, on the other hand, are directly related to the extent and intensity of dust events in West Asia.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aerosol
  • AOD thresholds
  • FoO
  • West Asia

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فیزیک زمین و فضا
دوره 50، شماره 2
تاریخ انتشار الکترونیکی: 16 تیر 1403
تیر 1403
صفحه 481-498

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