پاسخ فرایندهای خردفیزیکی ابر و بارش به حضور هواویزها طی یک رویداد بارش همرفتی در جنوب‌غرب ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم غیرزیستی جوی و اقیانوسی، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران.

چکیده

در این مطالعه یک رویداد بارش همرفتی، با استفاده از طرحواره خردفیزیکی حساس به هواویز در مدل WRF مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. دو شبیه‌سازی کنترلی و آلوده انجام شد. اختلاف بازتاب تابش خورشیدی به فضا توسط ابرها در آزمایش آلوده افزایش می‌یابد که نشان می‌دهد اولین اثر غیرمستقیم هواویزها نقش عمده‌ای در بودجه انرژی جو ایفا می‌کند. تأثیر غلظت هواویزها بر توسعه ابر در این شبیه‌سازی که دارای همگرایی بیشتر شار قائم رطوبت و سرعت‌های باد بیشتر در منطقه موردمطالعه است، قابل‌توجه است. باتوجه به همگرایی شار قائم رطوبت، بخارآب بیشتری برای میعان‌کردن روی ذرات هواویز وجود دارد و منجر به افزایش محتوای آب ابر می‌شود. چگالی عددی قطرک ابر در آزمایش آلوده در مقایسه با آزمایش کنترلی بیشتر است. افزایش مقدار یخ و برف که نشان‌دهنده بلند‌شدن بیشتر قطرات آب تا سطح انجماد است، می‌تواند به‌دلیل همگرایی شار قائم رطوبت منفی باشد وکاهش محتوای آب ابر به‌دلیل واگرایی رطوبت در این مناطق رخ داده است. اختلاف میزان بارش در دو آزمایش آلوده و کنترلی در بیشتر نقاط حوزه مقادیر مثبت را نشان می‌دهد که به این دلیل است که در جو مرطوب بخار آب به اندازه کافی برای میعان روی ذرات هواویز وجود دارد که موجب تشکیل قطرک های بزرگ‌تر ابر می‌شود. در نتیجه، قطرک‌های ابر برخوردهای مؤثرتری دارند و بارش افزایش می‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Cloud microphysical and precipitation response to the aerosols during a convective event over Southwestern Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parisa Fattahi Masrour
  • Maryam Rezazadeh
Department of Marine and Atmospheric Science (Non-Biologic), Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabbas, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this study a convective precipitation event in southwestern Iran was examined using the aerosol-aware bulk microphysical scheme implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Two simulations were conducted for this event, which included the control and polluted simulations. In the control simulation, the concentration of aerosols in the current climate was not considrable. In contrast, the aerosol concentration was increased by a factor of 5 at all grid points in the polluted simulation. The main aim was to study the effects of aerosols on cloud microphysics and precipitation. The simulated vertical temperature and wind speed profiles were compared with the radiosonde data, and the model well simulated temperature and wind speed. During the convective event, southerly to southwesterly warm and dry winds dominated, causing a substantial transport of aerosols and humidity. The reflection of shortwave radiation by clouds in the innermost domain was increased in the polluted experiment, indicating that the first indirect effect of aerosols had a significant impact on the radiative balance of the atmosphere. In contrast to the effect of clouds on shortwave radiation, the effect of clouds on longwave radiation was positive at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) because clouds reflect longwave radiation emitted by the earth's surface. The impact of an increase in concentration of aerosols on cloud development was substantial in this simulation, which contained a high convergence of vertical moisture flux and strong winds over the region.
The convergence of the vertical moisture flux indicates that more water vapor is available to be condensed on aerosols, which increases the cloud water content. Thus, the number density of cloud droplets is higher in the polluted compared to the control simulation. The altitude of the maximum mass density of cloud droplets is between 3 and 6 km; due to higher specific humidity at these altitudes, higher water vapor can be condensed on condensation nuclei. Also, the mass density of rain drops is higher in the polluted compared to the control simulation up to the altitude of 3 km, which is due to a higher collision of cloud droplets in the polluted simulation. An increase in ice and snow, which indicates a higher lifting of droplets to the freezing level, is seen in this simulation with the negative convergence of vertical moisture flux. This indicates that these regions may help the large-scale collection of moisture and its lifting. On the other hand, with a divergence of moisture in the northern and the whole domain, the cloud water content decreases. In addition, with a high moisture difference, there is higher precipitation in the polluted compared to control simulations because in the humid atmosphere, there is enough water vapor to be condensed on aerosols, that leads to the formation of larger cloud droplets. Thus, the collision of cloud droplets is more efficient, and precipitation increases. In addition, due to a lower cloud base, there is less chance for the evaporation and melting of precipitation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aerosol-cloud interactions
  • Cloud droplets
  • Hygroscopic aerosols
  • Aerosol effects on precipitation
  • microphysics schemes

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فیزیک زمین و فضا
دوره 50، شماره 2
تاریخ انتشار الکترونیکی: 16 تیر 1403
تیر 1403
صفحه 357-371

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